Key Concepts for Enhancing Zoo Animal Welfare: Coping, Comfort, Choice, Control, Challenge, and Compassion.

Zoo animal welfare is subject to increasing scrutiny by many audiences. Although zoo husbandry and management techniques have progressed, common welfare issues are still apparent. To encourage further improvements, converting theoretical welfare definition into practical application is key.

Mineral Supplements in Ageing.

With advancing age, achievement of dietary adequacy for all nutrients is increasingly difficult and this is particularly so for minerals. Various factors impede mineral acquisition and absorption including reduced appetite, depressed gastric acid production and dysregulation across a range of signalling pathways in the intestinal mucosa. Minerals are required in sufficient levels since they are critical for the proper functioning of metabolic processes in cells and tissues, including energy metabolism, DNA and protein synthesis, immune function, mobility, and skeletal integrity.

The Impact of Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation on Lumbar Bone and Muscle Quality.

Objective: To examine the long-term perioperative changes in lumbar bone density, muscle size and fatty atrophy, and facet degeneration after transfemoral amputation (TFA).

Design: All patients who underwent TFA at an academic center between 2002-2022 were retrospectively identified. Patients were required to have preoperative and postoperative CT (>1 year) and regularly utilize a prosthesis.

Chondrosarcoma of the Flat Bones: Differential Survival Between High-Grade Lesions of the Pelvis and Scapula.

Background: Flat bone chondrosarcomas have worse outcomes than extremity tumors, but there is no data directly comparing the different flat bones. The aim of this study was to examine differences in recurrence and survival between pelvic and scapular chondrosarcoma.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine (42 scapula, 127 pelvic) patients with chondrosarcoma who underwent surgical resection were reviewed.