Contemporary Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Pediatric Osteomyelitis Patients Display Unique Characteristics in a Mouse Model of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitis can result from the direct inoculation of pathogens into bone during injury or surgery or from spread via the bloodstream, a condition called hematogenous osteomyelitis (HOM). HOM disproportionally affects children, and more than half of cases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Laboratory models of osteomyelitis mostly utilize direct injection of bacteria into the bone or implantation of foreign material and therefore do not directly interrogate the pathogenesis of pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis.

Osteolineage depletion of mitofusin2 enhances cortical bone formation in female mice.

Mitochondria are essential organelles that form highly complex, interconnected dynamic networks inside cells. The GTPase mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is a highly conserved outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, which can affect various metabolic and signaling functions. The role of mitochondria in bone formation remains unclear.

Multitasking by the OC Lineage during Bone Infection: Bone Resorption, Immune Modulation, and Microbial Niche.

Bone infections, also known as infectious osteomyelitis, are accompanied by significant inflammation, osteolysis, and necrosis. Osteoclasts (OCs) are the bone-resorbing cells that work in concert with osteoblasts and osteocytes to properly maintain skeletal health and are well known to respond to inflammation by increasing their resorptive activity. OCs have typically been viewed merely as effectors of pathologic bone resorption, but recent evidence suggests they may play an active role in the progression of infections through direct effects on pathogens and via the immune system.

Ethanol Inhibits Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteochondral Lineage Differentiation Due in Part to an Activation of Forkhead Box Protein O-Specific Signaling.

Background: During bone fracture repair, resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into chondrocytes, to form a cartilaginous fracture callus, and osteoblasts, to ossify the collagen matrix. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol administration led to decreased cartilage formation within the fracture callus of rodents and this effect was mitigated by postfracture antioxidant treatment. Forkhead box protein O (FoxO) transcription factors are activated in response to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alcohol has been shown to increase ROS.

Implementation findings from an effectiveness-implementation trial of tablet-based parent training in pediatric primary care.

Introduction: The use of mobile delivery to deliver parent training can address barriers to access and improve the translation of interventions in existing settings like pediatric primary care. Studying implementation provides critical information to identify and address barriers and facilitators and inform sustainability efforts.

Method: This study was a descriptive evaluation using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework as part of a Hybrid Type I Effectiveness-Implementation trial of the Parent Program within 4 pediatric primary care clinics.