Cell-type specific profiling of human entorhinal cortex at the onset of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.

Neurons located in the layer II of the entorhinal cortex (ECII) are the primary site of pathological tau accumulation and neurodegeneration at preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exploring the alterations that underlie the early degeneration of these cells is essential to develop therapies that delay disease onset. Here we performed cell-type specific profiling of the EC at the onset of human AD neuropathology.

Astrocyte-derived extracellular matrix proteins regulate synapse remodeling in stress-induced depression.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mood condition affecting multiple brain regions and cell types. Changes in astrocyte function contribute to depressive-like behaviors. However, while neuronal mechanisms driving MDD have been studied in some detail, molecular mechanisms by which astrocytes promote depression have not been extensively explored.

Segmental Regulation of Intestinal Motility by Colitis and the Adaptive Immune System in the Mouse Ileum and Colon.

Gastrointestinal motility disturbances are a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, their mechanisms remain unclear. This study used a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model, deficient in mature B and T lymphocytes, to assess intestinal motility and the role of the adaptive immune system in health and IBD. In healthy mice, the absence of adaptive lymphocytes reduced acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity in the ileum.

Maternal Obesity Alters Placental and Umbilical Cord Plasma Oxidative Stress, a Cross-Sectional Study.

Maternal obesity has been shown to impair the oxidative status in the placenta and newborns, potentially leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term effects on the programming of offspring metabolic status. This study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal obesity on maternal and umbilical cord plasma oxidative status, as well as placental oxidative adaptation. Maternal obesity ( = 20), defined as a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m, and maternal leanness ( = 20), defined as a pre-pregnancy BMI < 23 kg/m, were the group categories used in this study.

OXY-SCORE and Volatile Anesthetics: A New Perspective of Oxidative Stress in EndoVascular Aneurysm Repair-A Randomized Clinical Trial.

An aortic aneurysm (AA) is a life-threatening condition. Oxidative stress may be a common pathway linking multiple mechanisms of an AA, including vascular inflammation and metalloproteinase activity. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the preferred surgical approach for AA treatment.