Fluid management of acute kidney injury.

Purpose Of Review: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly encountered in critical care medicine as is intravenous fluid therapy. It is accepted that there is interplay between fluid use and AKI, both potentially positive and negative. An understanding of the physiological rationale for fluid is important to help clinicians when considering fluid therapy in patients with, or at risk for AKI; this includes understanding choice of fluid, method of monitoring, administration and clinical sequelae.

Decompression of Axillary Vein: An Essential Adjunct for Advanced Lymphedema.

Background: In advanced lymphedema, lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) can be a solution based on using the pressure gradient between the high-pressure lymphatics and the low-pressure veins. If the vein pressure is high, the effect of surgery will be less optimal. This study evaluated the effect of axillary vein perivascular scar release on LVA.

Useful Flaps for Plastic Surgeons to Know.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe different useful flaps. 2.