Apomorphine Reduces A53T α-Synuclein-Induced Microglial Reactivity Through Activation of NRF2 Signalling Pathway.

The chiral molecule, apomorphine, is currently used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). As a potent dopamine receptor agonist, this lipophilic compound is especially effective for treating motor fluctuations in advanced PD patients. In addition to its receptor-mediated actions, apomorphine has also antioxidant and free radical scavenger activities.

Bioimpedance analysis is not superior to clinical assessment in determining hydration status: A prospective randomized-controlled trial in a Western dialysis population.

Introduction: Fluid management is an important goal of dialysis treatment. The accurate assessment of fluid status is still a challenge for clinical nephrologists. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been proposed as an objective tool to assess hydration.

Tumor suppressor miR-215 counteracts hypoxia-induced colon cancer stem cell activity.

Cancer stem cells, also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are a population of aggressive and self-renewing cells that are responsible for the initiation and progression of many cancers, including colorectal carcinoma. Intratumoral hypoxia, i.e.

Kinase inhibitor library screening identifies synergistic drug combinations effective in sensitive and resistant melanoma cells.

Background: Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer with increasing case numbers worldwide. The development of inhibitors targeting mutated BRAF (found in around 60% of melanoma patients) has markedly improved overall survival of patients with late-stage tumors, even more so when combined with MEK inhibitors targeting the same signaling pathway. However, invariably patients become resistant to this targeted therapy resulting in rapid progression with treatment-refractory disease.

A new ALK isoform transported by extracellular vesicles confers drug resistance to melanoma cells.

Background: Drug resistance remains an unsolved clinical issue in oncology. Despite promising initial responses obtained with BRAF and MEK kinase inhibitors, resistance to treatment develops within months in virtually all melanoma patients.

Methods: Microarray analyses were performed in BRAF inhibitor-sensitive and resistant cell lines to identify changes in the transcriptome that might play a role in resistance.