Edaravone for the Treatment of Motor Neurone Disease: A Critical Review of Approved and Alternative Formulations against a Proposed Quality Target Product Profile.

Edaravone is one of two main drugs for treating motor neurone disease (MND). This review proposes a specific quality target product profile (QTPP) for edaravone following an appraisal of the issues accounting for the poor clinical uptake of the approved IV and oral liquid edaravone formulations. This is followed by a review of the alternative oral formulations of edaravone described in the published patent and journal literature against the QTPP.

Role of reactive carbonyls and superoxide radicals in protein damage by cigarette smoke extracts: Comparison of Heat-not-Burn e-cigarettes to conventional cigarettes.

Oxidative protein damage involving carbonylation of respiratory tract proteins typically accompanies exposure to tobacco smoke. Such damage can arise via multiple mechanisms, including direct amino acid oxidation by reactive oxygen species or protein adduction by electrophilic aldehydes. This study investigated the relative importance of these pathways during exposure of a model protein to fresh cigarette emission extracts.

Calcineurin Inhibitor-Based Maintenance Immunosuppression in Lung Transplant Recipients: Optimal Serum Levels for Managing Acute Rejection and Renal Function.

Background: Although effective for curtailing alloimmune responses, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) have an adverse-effect profile that includes nephrotoxicity. In lung transplant (LTx) recipients, the optimal serum levels of the CNI tacrolimus necessary to control alloimmune responses and minimize nephrotoxicity are unknown.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study reviewed tacrolimus whole blood trough levels (BTLs), grades of acute cellular rejection (ACR), acute rejection scores, and creatinine clearance (CrCl) obtained in LTx recipients within the first year after their transplant procedure.

An immunoblot assay for cysteine oxidation by reactive oxygen species allows detection of novel thioprotective efficacy of black tea extracts.

Introduction: While cysteine thiol groups help to maintain the redox status of many proteins, they can be very susceptible to damaging oxidants. Despite broad interest in their antioxidant properties, whether tea polyphenols protect against protein thiol damage of this kind is unclear. This study sought to develop a simple immunoassay for use in screening tea extracts and other antioxidants for thioprotective efficacy at protein thiol groups.

Effectiveness of short vs long-course perioperative antibiotics in lung transplant recipients with donor positive respiratory cultures.

Lung transplant recipients are at increased risk for infection in the early postoperative phase, thus perioperative antibiotics are employed. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of short- vs long-course perioperative antibiotics in lung transplant patients. Lung transplant patients with donor positive cultures between August 2013 and September 2019 were evaluated, excluding those with cystic fibrosis, death within 14 days and re-transplants.