Two models of psychiatric rehabilitation: a need for clarity and integration.

Two distinct models are identifiable in the processes of psychiatric rehabilitation: treatment and training. The treatment model, which also can be presented as the "medical model," approaches the issues on the basis of defect which needs to be diagnosed and rectified. On the other hand, the training model, which can also be referred to as the "educational model," approaches the situation from the perspective of recognizing what strengths or abilities the individual may have which can be brought to bear constructively, and how to orchestrate that process.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of selegiline augmentation of antipsychotic medication to treat negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia.

Objective: The authors' goal was to test the efficacy of selegiline augmentation of antipsychotic medication in outpatients with schizophrenia who had negative symptoms of moderate or greater severity.

Method: A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of oral selegiline augmentation of antipsychotic medication was carried out. Outpatients were chosen who did not manifest severe positive symptoms at baseline, who did not meet criteria for coexisting major depression, and who had been maintained on a stable regimen of antipsychotic medication.

Hierarchical diagnosis in chronic schizophrenia: a clinical study of co-occurring syndromes.

Co-occurring or associated psychiatric syndromes (APS) such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and panic disorder have largely been hidden from view by exclusion rules that prohibit their being diagnosed in the presence of schizophrenia. This article presents data from a clinical study of APS in chronic schizophrenia and reviews the relevant literature. Thirty-seven chronic schizophrenia patients consecutively admitted to a day program were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis for DSM-IV and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale symptom checklist.

Adjunctive imipramine for a broader group of post-psychotic depressions in schizophrenia.

As an expansion of work examining the usefulness of adjunctive imipramine added to fluphenazine decanoate and benztropine in the treatment of post-psychotic depression, a previously successful and informative protocol was extended to a larger and more heterogeneous cohort of clinic and day-treatment patients. Although the benefit of the adjunctive antidepressant strategy was still observable in the total sample, as calculated by the prospectively intended data analysis, the findings were weaker than those obtained for the initial cohort. Owing to the possibility that differences between the later and earlier cohorts might account for the muted nature of the benefit, a post-hoc analysis was undertaken.