Design and rationale of the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in patients with refractory angina pectoris (SCRAP) trial.

Background: The use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in patients with refractory angina pectoris (RAP) is still under debate. Studies up to date have shown a positive effect with an improvement in quality of life. However, no double blinded randomized controlled trials have been performed.

Coronary microvascular function in athletes with abnormal exercise test results.

Aims: In asymptomatic athletes, abnormal exercise test (ET) results have a poor positive predictive value. It is unknown whether abnormal ET results in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are related to coronary microvascular dysfunction. It is also unknown whether they should be considered false-positive ET results or a consequence of physiological adaptation to sport.

Endocarditis: A Diagnostic Challenge.

A 74-year-old hemodialysis patient with a history of an atrial septum defect closure, coronary bypass surgery, and a St. Jude aortic prosthetic valve was diagnosed with pneumonia and volume overload. Blood cultures were positive for , and amoxicillin was given for 2 weeks.

The effect of early life stress on the cognitive phenotype of children with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY/47,XXX).

Studies on gene-environment interactions suggest that some individuals may be more susceptible to life adversities than others due to their genetic profile. This study assesses whether or not children with an extra X chromosome are more vulnerable to the negative impact of early life stress on cognitive functioning than typically-developing children. A total of 50 children with an extra X chromosome and 103 non-clinical controls aged 9 to 18 years participated in the study.

Determination of Kinetic Parameters within a Single Nonisothermal On-Flow Experiment by Nanoliter NMR Spectroscopy.

Conventional methods to determine the kinetic parameters for a certain reaction require multiple, separate isothermal experiments, resulting in time- and material-consuming processes. Here, an approach to determine the kinetic information within a single nonisothermal on-flow experiment is presented, consuming less than 10 μmol of reagents and having a total measuring time of typically 10 min. This approach makes use of a microfluidic NMR chip hyphenated to a continuous-flow microreactor and is based on the capabilities of the NMR chip to analyze subnanomole quantities of material in the 25 nL detection volume.