Onset of bipolar disorder by COVID-19: The roles of endogenous ouabain and the Na,K-ATPase.

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder marked by mood swings between manic and depressive episodes. The reduction in the Na,K-ATPase (NKA) enzyme activity and the inability of individuals with BD to produce endogenous ouabain (EO) at sufficient levels to stimulate this enzyme during stressful events are factors proposed for BD etiology. According to these hypotheses, reduction in NKA activity would result in altered neuronal resting potential, leading to BD symptoms.

Synthetic Naphthoquinone Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Replication Targeting Na, K ATPase.

Since 1970 acyclovir (ACV) has been the reference drug in treating herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. However, resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains have emerged, narrowing the treatment efficacy. The antiviral activity of classical Na, K ATPase enzyme (NKA) inhibitors linked the viral replication to the NKA's activity.

The Na/K-ATPase role as a signal transducer in lung inflammation.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is marked by damage to the capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium following edema formation and cell infiltration. Currently, there are no effective treatments for severe ARDS. Pathologies such as sepsis, pneumonia, fat embolism, and severe trauma may cause ARDS with respiratory failure.

Cellular Pathophysiology of Leptospirosis: Role of Na/K-ATPase.

Inada and Ido identified sp. as the pathogen responsible for Weil's Disease in 1915. Later, it was confirmed that Leptospira causes leptospirosis.

Leptospira interrogans insoluble fraction as a potential antigen source for lateral flow immunochromatography.

Background: Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis that affects humans and animals. Immunochromatography rapid test is widely used for early diagnosis of leptospirosis, but with low sensitivity and specificity.

Objectives: To evaluate Leptospira interrogans insoluble fraction as a potential antigen source for lateral flow immunochromatography.