Hospital antimicrobial stewardship: profiling the oral microbiome after exposure to COVID-19 and antibiotics.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 Delta variant surge, the CLAIRE cross-sectional study sampled saliva from 120 hospitalized patients, 116 of whom had a positive COVID-19 PCR test. Patients received antibiotics upon admission due to possible secondary bacterial infections, with patients at risk of sepsis receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA).

Methods: The saliva samples were analyzed with shotgun DNA metagenomics and respiratory RNA virome sequencing.

Lactose and Casein Cause Changes on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Dysbiosis in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats closely reproduces Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease characterized by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that also appears to extend to other organs and their compartments. The origin of MS is a matter for discussion, but it would seem that altering certain bacterial populations present in the gut may lead to a proinflammatory condition due to the bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the so-called brain-gut axis. The casein and lactose in milk confer anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects.

A multidimensional model of healthy ageing: proposal and evaluation of determinants based on a population survey in Ecuador.

Background: Healthy ageing is a complex construct which involves multiple dimensions. Previous studies of healthy ageing have focused only on measuring the intrinsic capacity of the older person. The objectives of this study were to design a multidimensional model of healthy ageing and to identify its determinants from national data in Ecuador.

Audit of transfusion among the oldest old: treading the fine line between undertransfusion and optimum trigger.

Background: Recent research has questioned restrictive transfusion policies in vulnerable elderly populations. Our audit assesses the prevalence and postoperative outcomes of extremely elderly patients undergoing the stress of surgery with perioperative hemoglobin (Hb) less than 9 g/dL.

Study Design And Methods: This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data addressed patients aged 85+ undergoing elective surgery.

Ontology-based metabolomics data integration with quality control.

 The complications that arise when performing meta-analysis of datasets from multiple metabolomics studies are addressed with computational methods that ensure data quality, completeness of metadata and accurate interpretation across studies. This paper presents an integrated system of quality control (QC) methods to assess metabolomics results by evaluating the data acquisition strategies and metabolite identification process when integrating datasets for meta-analysis. An ontology knowledge base and a rule-based system representing the experiment and chemical background information direct the processes involved in data integration and QC verification.