Effector PbPE23 Induces Necrotic Responses in Both Host and Nonhost Plants.

is an obligate biotroph that causes clubroot disease in cruciferous plants, including canola and Arabidopsis. In contrast to most known bacterial, oomycete, and fungal pathogens that colonize at the host apoplastic space, the protist . establishes an intracellular colonization within various types of root cells and secretes a plethora of effector proteins to distinct cellular compartments favorable for the survival and growth of the pathogen during pathogenesis.

The Plasmodiophora brassicae Golgi-localized UPF0016 protein PbGDT1 mediates calcium but not manganese transport in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana.

Manganese and calcium homeostasis and signalling, in eukaryotic organisms, are regulated through membrane located pumps, channels and exchangers, including the Mn/Ca uncharacterized protein family 0016 (UPF0016). Here we show that Plasmodiophora brassicae PbGDT1 is a member of the UPF0016 and an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gdt1p (GCR Dependent Translation Factor 1) protein involved in manganese homeostasis as well as the calcium mediated stress response in yeast. PbGDT1 complemented the ScGdt1p and ScPMR1 (Ca ATPase) double null mutant under elevated calcium stress but not under elevated manganese conditions.

A clubroot pathogen effector targets cruciferous cysteine proteases to suppress plant immunity.

Plant pathogen effector proteins are key to pathogen virulence. In susceptible host Brassicas, the clubroot pathogen, , induces the production of nutrient-sink root galls, at the site of infection. Among a list of 32 effector candidates previously reported by our group, we identified SSPbP53 as a putative apoplastic cystatin-like protein highly expressed during the secondary infection.

Endomembrane-Targeting Effectors Modulate PAMP Triggered Immune Responses in Plants.

is a devastating obligate, intracellular, biotrophic pathogen that causes clubroot disease in crucifer plants. Disease progression is regulated by effector proteins secreted by . Twelve putative effectors (PEs), expressed at various stages of disease development [0, 2, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post inoculation (DPI)] in Arabidopsis and localizing to the plant endomembrane system, were studied for their roles in pathogenesis.

Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Plasmodiophora brassicae Secondary Infection Effector Candidates.

Plasmodiophora brassicae (Wor.) is an obligate intracellular plant pathogen affecting Brassicas worldwide. Identification of effector proteins is key to understanding the interaction between P.