Tyrosine Nitration of Flagellins: a Response of Sinorhizobium meliloti to Nitrosative Stress.

Rhizobia are bacteria which can either live as free organisms in the soil or interact with plants of the legume family with, as a result, the formation of root organs called nodules in which differentiated endosymbiotic bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen to the plant's benefit. In both lifestyles, rhizobia are exposed to nitric oxide (NO) which can be perceived as a signaling or toxic molecule. NO can act at the transcriptional level but can also modify proteins by -nitrosylation of cysteine or nitration of tyrosine residues.

Evaluation of the cost and length of hospital stays related to the management of an intestinal Clostridium difficile infection.

Introduction: Intestinal Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) treated in hospitals may concern patients whose reason for admission is CDI (primary diagnosis) or who have acquired CDI during their stay (secondary diagnosis).

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the cost for social security and hospitals and the length of hospital stays related to CDIs as the main reason for admission.

Method: This study was carried out in 2012 in 13 Belgian hospitals.

Sinorhizobium meliloti Controls Nitric Oxide-Mediated Post-Translational Modification of a Medicago truncatula Nodule Protein.

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in various plant-microbe interactions. In the symbiosis between soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti and model legume Medicago truncatula, NO is required for an optimal establishment of the interaction but is also a signal for nodule senescence. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for NO effects in the legume-rhizobium interaction.

Control of NO level in rhizobium-legume root nodules: not only a plant globin story.

Nitric oxide (NO ) is a gaseous signaling molecule which plays both regulatory and defense roles in animals and plants. In the symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia, NO has been shown to be involved in bacterial infection and nodule development steps as well as in mature nodule functioning. We recently showed that an increase in NO level inside Medicago truncatula root nodules also could trigger premature nodule senescence.

Temporal assessment of histone H3 phospho-acetylation and casein kinase 2 activation in dentate gyrus from ischemic rats.

Hippocampal dentate gyrus possesses an exceptional capacity of adaptation to ischemic insults. Recently, using a transient global ischemic model in the adult rat, we identified a neuroprotective signalling cascade in the dentate gyrus involving calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a major regulator of survival. We have shown that intracerebroventricular injections of anti-BDNF and anti-CREB are sufficient to cause substantial tissular damages and apoptotic deaths in late periods (48-72 h) after ischemia.