Bioequivalence study between two formulations of ciclosporin A (Cyclavance® oral solution and Atopica® soft capsules) following a single oral administration to dogs.

Background: Ciclosporin is a selective immunomodulator used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. A new 100 mg/ml oral solution formulation (Cyclavance®, Virbac) was developed as a pharmaceutical equivalent to the marketed capsule formulations (Atopica®, Novartis Animal Health) containing 25, 50 mg, or 100 mg of ciclosporin A. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the pharmacokinetic profiles and bioequivalence of the two formulations following a single oral administration to dogs.

Skin distribution of fipronil by microautoradiography following topical administration to the beagle dog.

To investigate the localisation of fipronil in dog skin, [14C]-fipronil was topically applied to a male beagle dog (spot-on administration) at the therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg. By means of autohistoradiography, the radioactivity was precisely detected in the skin and appendages at various intervals after application. Radioactivity was predominantly observed within the stratum corneum, the viable epidermis, and in the pilo-sebaceous units (mainly in the sebaceous glands and epithelial layers).

Hospital routine analysis of penicillins, third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam by conventional and high-speed high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the measurement of fifteen beta-lactam antibiotics in body fluids is described, with special reference to high-speed techniques. The procedure involves a unique sample preparation before analysis for all the following fifteen compounds: benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite, cefsulodin, cefoperazone, cefmenoxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and the monobactam aztreonam; thus all biological samples arriving at the laboratory can be treated in batch. Of these fifteen antibiotics, eleven can be chromatographed with the same type of mobile phase, which consists of a mixture of ammonium acetate and acetonitrile in various ratios.

Determination of alpha-amanitin and beta-amanitin in human biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of alpha-amanitin and beta-amanitin in human serum, urine, or stomach washings is described. Sample preparation involves a chemical step with deproteinization and organic solvent treatment, and a selective cleanup and concentration step on reversed-phase prepacked cartridges. Separations are performed on a reversed-phase analytical column under isocratic conditions with uv detection at 280 nm.