Investigating the impact of the regularization parameter on EEG resting-state source reconstruction and functional connectivity using real and simulated data.

Accurate EEG source localization is crucial for mapping resting-state network dynamics and it plays a key role in estimating source-level functional connectivity. However, EEG source estimation techniques encounter numerous methodological challenges, with a key one being the selection of the regularization parameter in minimum norm estimation. This choice is particularly intricate because the optimal amount of regularization for EEG source estimation may not align with the requirements of EEG connectivity analysis, highlighting a nuanced trade-off.

The impact of ROI extraction method for MEG connectivity estimation: practical recommendations for the study of resting state data.

Magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography (M/EEG) seed-based connectivity analysis requires the extraction of measures from regions of interest (ROI). M/EEG ROI-derived source activity can be treated in different ways. It is possible, for instance, to average each ROI's time series prior to calculating connectivity measures.

Involvement of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated cholinergic neurotransmission in TMS-EEG responses.

The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is emerging as a valuable tool for investigating brain functions in health and disease. However, the detailed neural mechanisms underlying TMS-EEG responses, including TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) and TMS-induced EEG oscillations (TIOs), remain largely unknown. Combining TMS-EEG with pharmacological interventions provides a unique opportunity to elucidate the roles of specific receptor-mediated neurotransmissions in these responses.

Towards the definition of a standard in TMS-EEG data preprocessing.

Combining Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques with the recording of brain electrophysiological activity is an increasingly widespread approach in neuroscience. Particularly successful has been the simultaneous combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Electroencephalography (EEG). Unfortunately, the strong magnetic pulse required to effectively interact with brain activity inevitably induces artifacts in the concurrent EEG acquisition.

Brain state-dependent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor stroke rehabilitation: a proof of concept randomized controlled trial.

Background: In healthy subjects, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) demonstrated plasticity effects contingent on electroencephalography (EEG)-derived excitability states, defined by the phase of the ongoing sensorimotor μ-oscillation. The therapeutic potential of brain state-dependent rTMS in the rehabilitation of upper limb motor impairment post-stroke remains unexplored.

Objective: Proof-of-concept trial to assess the efficacy of rTMS, synchronized to the sensorimotor μ-oscillation, in improving motor impairment and reducing upper-limb spasticity in stroke patients.