Structural analysis of human ADAR2-RNA complexes by X-ray crystallography.

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNAs (ADARs) are a class of RNA editing enzymes found in metazoa that catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in duplexed RNA. Inosine is a nucleotide that can base pair with cytidine, therefore, inosine is interpreted by cellular processes as guanosine. ADARs are functionally important in RNA recoding events, RNA structure modulation, innate immunity, and can be harnessed for therapeutically-driven base editing to treat genetic disorders.

En masse evaluation of RNA guides (EMERGe) for ADARs.

Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in duplex RNA, and through the delivery of guide RNAs, can be directed to edit specific adenosine sites. As ADARs are endogenously expressed in humans, their editing capacities hold therapeutic potential and allow us to target disease-relevant sequences in RNA through the rationale design of guide RNAs. However, current design principles are not suitable for difficult-to-edit target sites, posing challenges to unlocking the full therapeutic potential of this approach.

Fibroepithelial polyp in the urethra: Diagnostic challenges and endoscopic treatment outcomes.

Fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) are rare benign tumors that can occur in the urinary tract and are especially uncommon in the urethra. This report presents a case of a young man with obstructive symptoms caused by a urethral polyp, which was treated endoscopically. Fibroepithelial polyps can be a cause of urethral stenosis in young men and may also be encountered during the treatment of other causes of urethral narrowing.