Early transvaginal ultrasound following an accurately dated pregnancy: the importance of finding a yolk sac or fetal heart motion.

Our goals were to determine the prognostic value of a yolk sac or fetal heart motion seen during an early accurately dated transvaginal ultrasound (TVU). We reviewed 225 consecutive pregnancies for fetal heart motion data. Furthermore, 63 pregnancies following in-vitro fertilization were reviewed for yolk sac information.

Clomiphene citrate ovulation induction in combination with a timed intrauterine insemination: the value of urinary luteinizing hormone versus human chorionic gonadotropin timing.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical pregnancy rates (PRs) in anovulatory, male factor, and unexplained infertility using clomiphene citrate (CC) with an IUI and to evaluate the difference in PRs between urinary LH testing and hCG administration for timing of the IUI.

Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Setting: Academic, tertiary care fertility center.

Pituitary response to early follicular-phase minidose gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) therapy: evidence for a second flare.

Purpose: Our purpose was to determine the pituitary response to minidose follicular-phase GnRHa and see if a second flare can be achieved.

Method: A prospective, consecutive series of 12 couples with tubal-factor infertility underwent 14 cycles of minidose GnRHa. Women were given a 25- or 50-migrograms dose of leuprolide acetate (LA) on cycle days 2 and 5.

Laparoscopic adnexectomy: a comparison with laparotomy.

Objective: Our purpose was to compare the newer technique of laparoscopic adnexal excision with conventional laparotomy.

Design: With the same entry criteria, a retrospective, consecutive series of 26 women who underwent adnexectomy by laparotomy was compared with a later prospective consecutive series of 64 women who had laparoscopic adnexectomy in a university referral practice. The two groups were similar in all characteristics examined.