A double ttrA and pduA knock-out mutant of Salmonella Typhimurium is not attenuated for mice (Mus musculus).

Despite numerous studies on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, the underlying mechanisms of several aspects of its virulence are still under investigation, including the role of the pdu and ttrA genes, associated with the metabolism of 1,2-propanediol using tetrathionate as an electron acceptor respectively. Our objective was to contribute to an understanding of the role of these genes inbacterial virulence for mice (Mus musculus) using an S.

Review of embryo-fetal developmental toxicity studies performed for pharmaceuticals approved by FDA in 2022 and 2023.

92 novel drugs were approved by the FDA in 2022-2023. 48 of these approvals were for orphan indications. Embryofetal development (EFD) studies were conducted for 79 % of approvals.

Identification and Validation of Biomarkers to Predict Early Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Progression to Colorectal Cancer.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a common global health problem as prevalence continues to rise. It is often associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Limitations in current IBD biomarker-based diagnosis hinder the accuracy of early detection of CRC progression.

Enhancements to quantum communication performance utilizing a prototype photonic lantern and multiplexed single-photon detection.

The optical interfacing between a free-space channel and single-photon detectors (SPDs) can greatly impact the inherent performance of a free-space quantum key distribution receiver. Direct coupling to detectors creates engineering challenges, and a single-mode fiber requires adaptive optics. Using a multimode fiber (MMF) is common; however, larger core diameters limit the achievable bandwidth.

Male premating treatment in FEED studies: Length is not everything.

The ICH S5(R3) guideline recommends that male rodents in a FEED study are treated for ≥2 weeks before mating, which has frequently been criticized as being too short for the detection of all effects on sperm maturation, mating behavior and male fertility. In a FEED study, males generally continue for ≥5 weeks after the start of cohabitation. This review determines how often a 2-week premating treatment period for males was used in FEED studies of novel drugs approved by the FDA in 2022 and 2023.