Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus env-gene product is a hallmark of sidedness in operable colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Human Endogenous RetroViruses (HERVs) account for approximately 8% of the human genome, where they are integrated and typically remain silent. Despite their inactivation, numerous retroviral sequences retain intact open reading frames (ORFs) capable of producing retroviral transcripts and/or proteins, which have been detected in colon cancer.

Methods: Three different cohorts of patients who underwent surgery at three different hospitals, comprising 167 Italian and Tunisian colon cancer patients, were analyzed.

Shoulder injuries in amateur soccer players. An exploratory cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, incidence of players reporting shoulder injuries in a non-probability sample of Italian amateur soccer players. We also wanted to explore the characteristics of injuries, predictive factors and differences between men's and women's leagues.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

β-Adrenoceptor Agonism to Mimic the Biological Effects of Intrauterine Hypoxia: Taking Great Strides Toward a Pharmacological Artificial Placenta.

At different stages of life, from embryonic to postnatal, varying oxygen concentrations modulate cellular gene expression by enhancing or repressing hypoxia-inducible transcription factors. During embryonic/fetal life, these genes encode proteins involved in adapting to a low-oxygen environment, including the induction of specific enzymes related to glycolytic metabolism, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis. However, oxygen concentrations fluctuate during intrauterine life, enabling the induction of tissue-specific differentiation processes.