PHARAO laser source flight model: design and performances.

In this paper, we describe the design and the main performances of the PHARAO laser source flight model. PHARAO is a laser cooled cesium clock specially designed for operation in space and the laser source is one of the main sub-systems. The flight model presented in this work is the first remote-controlled laser system designed for spaceborne cold atom manipulation.

Posturo-kinetic effects on kicking movements of a lack of initial ground support under the moving leg.

The posturo-kinetic effects of having no initial ground support under the movement leg were studied during kicking movements. Considerable effects were observed on the efficiency of the voluntary movement, which was noticeably reduced, as well as on the organisation of the postural adjustments. The fact that the efficiency of the movement was lower than under normal conditions shows that the posturo-kinetic reorganisation does not succeed in compensating for the lack of initial thrust of the foot against the floor.

Relationships between the force of voluntary leg movements and the associated postural adjustments.

Two types of kicking movements were studied: "touch mode" (minimal impact force) and "strike mode" (maximal impact force). Notable differences have been found to exist between the two kicking conditions. In the "strike mode", the onset of the voluntary movement occurred later and the movements of the postural segments preceding the voluntary movement were significantly longer and larger.