Nonpharmacologic strategies in the management of insomnia.

Many psychiatric patients have significant sleep disturbance. Insomnia should be addressed directly even when comorbid with a psychiatric disorder. Nonpharmacologic treatments are effective and especially well suited for long-term management of sleep problems.

Insomnia.

The series of cases presented here should illustrate that the complaint "I can't sleep" is deceptively simple. The clinician must be prepared to gather information from many disparate aspects of the patient's history and present circumstances. Diagnostic considerations are complicated further by the significant night-to-night variation in the manifestations of the insomnia.

Sleepiness and REM sleep recurrence: the effects of stage 2 and REM sleep awakenings.

Determinants of daytime sleepiness include sleep length, sleep continuity, and circadian factors. Sleep stage composition has not been seen as influencing subsequent daytime functioning; however, earlier studies did not focus explicitly on sleepiness. The present experiment studied the effects of selective sleep-stage restriction on an objective measure of sleep tendency, and explored the relationship between sleepiness and subsequent REM recurrence during REM deprivation.