The Phytophthora parasitica effector AVH195 interacts with ATG8, attenuates host autophagy, and promotes biotrophic infection.

Background: Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins into host cells to suppress immune responses and manipulate fundamental cellular processes. One of these processes is autophagy, an essential recycling mechanism in eukaryotic cells that coordinates the turnover of cellular components and contributes to the decision on cell death or survival.

Results: We report the characterization of AVH195, an effector from the broad-spectrum oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora parasitica.

Accuracy of Conventional and Digital Impressions for Full-Arch Implant-Supported Prostheses: An In Vitro Study.

Both conventional and digital impressions aim to record the spatial position of implants in the dental arches. However, there is still a lack of data to justify the use of intraoral scanning over conventional impressions for full-arch implant-supported prostheses. The objective of the in vitro study was to compare the trueness and precision of conventional and digital impressions obtained with four intra-oral scanners: Trios 4 from 3Shape, Primescan from Dentsply Sirona, CS3600 from Carestream and i500 from Medit.

Alternative photosynthesis pathways drive the algal CO-concentrating mechanism.

Global photosynthesis consumes ten times more CO than net anthropogenic emissions, and microalgae account for nearly half of this consumption. The high efficiency of algal photosynthesis relies on a mechanism concentrating CO (CCM) at the catalytic site of the carboxylating enzyme RuBisCO, which enhances CO fixation. Although many cellular components involved in the transport and sequestration of inorganic carbon have been identified, how microalgae supply energy to concentrate CO against a thermodynamic gradient remains unknown.

The Chlamydomonas transcription factor MYB1 mediates lipid accumulation under nitrogen depletion.

Microalgae accumulate high levels of oil under stress, but the underlying biosynthetic pathways are not fully understood. We sought to identify key regulators of lipid metabolism under stress conditions. We found that the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gene encoding the MYB-type transcription factor MYB1 is highly induced under stress conditions.