Protoplast-fusion-mediated transfer of organelles from Microcitrus into Citrus and regeneration of novel alloplasmic trees.

Iodoacetate-treated Citrus protoplasts from embryogenic nucellar calli of Sour orange (C. aurantium) or from Rough lemon (C. jambhiri) were fused with γ-irradiated protoplasts from a related genus, Microcitrus.

Intersectional cytoplasmic hybrids in Nicotiana : Identification of plastomes and chondriomes in N. sylvestris + N. rustica cybrids having N. sylvestris nuclear genomes.

Cybrid plants having the nuclear genomes of one species and either or both plastomes and chondriomes of another species were obtained by fusing protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris, as "recipients", with X-irradiated protoplasts of N. rustica as "donors" of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Forty-nine flowering plants, derived from 28 calli, were analysed.

Cytoplasmic hybridization in Nicotiana: mitochondrial DNA analysis in progenies resulting from fusion between protoplasts having different organelle constitutions.

Our previous studies indicated that fusion products with one functional nucleus but organelles of the two fusion partners (i.e. heteroplastomic cybrids) could be obtained by fusing X-irradiated (cytoplasmic donor) with non-irradiated (recipient) Nicotiana protoplasts.