Differences in Perceived Occupational Stress by Demographic Characteristics, of European Emergency Medical Services Personnel during the COVID-19 Virus Pandemic-An International Study.

Objectives: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought commercial, social, and economic consequences in every country that has experienced substantial SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. The complete change in the environment that took place due to the outbreak of the pandemic can lead to stressful situations, especially among healthcare personnel.

Material And Methods: The research were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between the 27 March 2020 and the 20 April 2020.

An analysis of residual orthodontic treatment need in municipal health centres.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse residual orthodontic treatment need in Finnish municipal health centres.

Subjects And Methods: A random sample of two age groups, 16- and 18-year-olds (n = 2212), from seven municipalities was invited for a clinical examination, and 1041 adolescents participated. Two calibrated orthodontists blindly examined the participants for residual treatment need, applying the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need.

The additional information of bitewing radiographs in the detection of established or severe dentinal decay in 14-year olds: a cross-sectional study in low-caries population.

Aim: To reveal the additional value of radiographic bitewings (BW) in detection of caries and in comparing the occurrence of clinically undetected severe decay between 14-year olds with and without clinically observed dentinal caries in a low-caries prevalence population.

Design: The cross-sectional study used 363 pairs of radiographs read by one examiner without knowledge of the clinical findings. The yield was analyzed on a tooth surface level by cross tabulating the clinical and radiographic information and on an individual level by counting the number of yield surfaces for all subjects.

Long-term effects of maternal prevention on children's dental decay and need for restorative treatment.

Objectives: In a Finnish study carried out in 1990s, high-caries-risk mothers used xylitol gum on daily basis when their child was 3-24-month old, whereas the high-risk control mothers received biannual fluoride or chlorhexidine treatments. The maternal prevention reduced colonization of mutans streptococci and early childhood caries in children. The present retrospective study aimed to extend the post-trial follow-up to 10-year-old children (n = 148).

Administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in early childhood: a post-trial effect on caries occurrence at four years of age.

Probiotic bifidobacteria are widely used in the prevention of childhood diseases. These bacteria are also associated with caries occurrence. The present secondary analysis in a low-caries population evaluated the effect of early administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.