Beta Burst Characteristics and Coupling within the Sensorimotor Cortical-Subthalamic Nucleus Circuit Dynamically Relate to Bradykinesia in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Bursts of exaggerated subthalamic nucleus (STN) beta activity are believed to contribute to clinical impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD). No previous studies have explored burst characteristics and coupling across the sensorimotor cortical-STN circuit and determined their relationship to dynamic measurements of bradykinesia.

Objective: We sought to (1) establish the characteristics of sensorimotor cortical and STN bursts during naturalistic behaviors, (2) determine the predictability of STN bursts from motor cortical recordings, and (3) relate burst features to continuous measurements of bradykinesia using wearable sensors.

Deep brain stimulation-entrained gamma oscillations in chronic home recordings in Parkinson's disease.

Background: In Parkinson's disease, invasive brain recordings show that dopaminergic medication can induce narrowband gamma rhythms in the motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus, which co-fluctuate with dyskinesia scores. Deep brain stimulation can entrain these gamma oscillations to a subharmonic stimulation frequency. However, the incidence of entrainment during chronic therapeutic stimulation, its relationship to the basal ganglia stimulation site, and its effect on dyskinesia remain unknown.

Engaging dystonia networks with subthalamic stimulation.

Deep brain stimulation is an efficacious treatment for dystonia. While the internal pallidum serves as the primary target, recently, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been investigated. However, optimal targeting within this structure and its surroundings have not been studied in depth.

Challenges and opportunities of acquiring cortical recordings for chronic adaptive deep brain stimulation.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a proven treatment for movement disorders, also holds promise for the treatment of psychiatric and cognitive conditions. However, for DBS to be clinically effective, it may require DBS technology that can alter or trigger stimulation in response to changes in biomarkers sensed from the patient's brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that such adaptive DBS is feasible, it might achieve clinical effects that are not possible with standard continuous DBS and that some of the best biomarkers are signals from the cerebral cortex.

Therapeutic DBS for OCD Suppresses the Default Mode Network.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) is a circuit-based treatment for severe, refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The therapeutic effects of DBS are hypothesized to be mediated by direct modulation of a distributed cortico-striato-thalmo-cortical network underlying OCD symptoms. However, the exact underlying mechanism by which DBS exerts its therapeutic effects still remains unclear.