A Snapshot of Early Transcriptional Changes Accompanying the Pro-Neural Phenotype Switch by NGN2, ASCL1, SOX2, and MSI1 in Human Fibroblasts: An RNA-Seq Study.

Direct pro-neural reprogramming is a conversion of differentiated somatic cells to neural cells without an intermediate pluripotency stage. It is usually achieved via ectopic expression (EE) of certain transcription factors (TFs) or other reprogramming factors (RFs). Determining the transcriptional changes (TCs) caused by particular RFs in a given cell line enables an informed approach to reprogramming initiation.

Polyamine Catabolism Revisited: Acetylpolyamine Oxidase Plays a Minor Role due to Low Expression.

Biogenic polyamines are ubiquitous compounds. Dysregulation of their metabolism is associated with the development of various pathologies, including cancer, hyperproliferative diseases, and infections. The canonical pathway of polyamine catabolism includes acetylation of spermine and spermidine and subsequent acetylpolyamine oxidase (PAOX)-mediated oxidation of acetylpolyamines (back-conversion) or their direct efflux from the cell.

Recombinant Strains of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer virotherapy is an alternative therapeutic approach based on the viruses that selectively infect and kill tumor cells. Vaccinia virus (VV) is a member of the Poxviridae, a family of enveloped viruses with a large linear double-stranded DNA genome. The proven safety of the VV strains as well as considerable transgene capacity of the viral genome, make VV an excellent platform for creating recombinant oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy.

Hysteretic Responses of Skyrmion Lattices to Electric Fields in Magnetoelectric CuOSeO.

Electric field control of topologically nontrivial magnetic textures, such as skyrmions, provides a paradigm shift for future spintronics beyond the current silicon-based technology. While significant progress has been made by X-ray and neutron scattering studies, direct observation of such nanoscale spin structures and their dynamics driven by external electric fields remains a challenge in understanding the underlying mechanisms and harness functionalities. Here, using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy combined with electric and magnetic fields at liquid helium temperatures, we report the crystallographic orientation-dependent skyrmion responses to electric fields in thin slabs of magnetoelectric CuOSeO.