The influence of crop type on pesticide wash-off parameters for use in environmental fate modelling.

Background: Wash-off of plant protection products from crops is represented in current European Union (EU) surface water models and future EU soil models by a coefficient that estimates its contribution to soil loadings following rainfall. Replacing the default coefficient with experimental data requires a harmonized protocol and this research forms part of the development of such a protocol. Following a successful test of the proposed protocol on a single crop across eight laboratories, a range of crops were tested in a single laboratory to assess the impact of crop type on the results.

Adherence to social distancing measures in southern Brazil, 2020/2021: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the frequency of adherence to social distancing and individual protection measures of adult and older populations in two cities in southern Brazil and to characterize the sociodemographic aspects of these individuals.

Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the cities of Rio Grande, RS, and Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to social distancing measures.

[Incidence of depression and associated factors in older adults in Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil].

To evaluate the cumulative incidence of depression and its associated factors in the older population living in the urban area of the municipality of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, a prospective cohort study was conducted from 2008 to 2016/2017. The analysis was restricted to 615 older adults with complete information on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), both at baseline and at follow-up, and who did not present depression in 2008. To calculate crude and adjusted incidence ratios and 95% confidence interval, Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment was used, including the baseline variables.

Development of a Harmonized Protocol for Measurement of Foliar Wash-off Parameters: First Results.

The foliar wash-off coefficient is a parameter used by environmental fate models to estimate the amount of chemical removed from leaf surfaces by rainfall. In the European Union it is used by FOCUS surface water models to estimate soil loadings following rainfall after leaf surfaces have been treated with plant protection products. Currently, a default value of 0.

What factors explain the increase in obesity in Brazil? An ecological analysis of contextual and behavioural components.

Objectives: It has been suggested that contextual factors may be related to obesity; however, they have not yet been widely investigated. The main objective of this ecological time-series study was to analyse factors associated with the increase in obesity in the adult and elderly population in Brazil from 2006 to 2020.

Study Design: This is an ecological time-series study.