Review of the epidemiology and variability of LRRK2 non-p.Gly2019Ser pathogenic mutations in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder. Genetic factors play a significant role, especially in early onset and familial cases. Mutations are usually found in the gene, but their importance varies.

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio may reflect differences in PD and MSA-P neuroinflammation patterns.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the usefulness of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in evaluating the inflammatory process in alpha-synucleinopathies.

Clinical Rationale For The Study: The role of neuroinflammation in PD and MSA pathogenesis is indisputable. However, there is no method available in everyday use that would enable its evaluation.

Virtual injections using 4D flow MRI with displacement corrections and constrained probabilistic streamlines.

Purpose: Streamlines from 4D-flow MRI have been used clinically for intracranial blood-flow tracking. However, deterministic and stochastic errors degrade streamline quality. The purpose of this study is to integrate displacement corrections, probabilistic streamlines, and novel fluid constraints to improve selective blood-flow tracking and emulate "virtual bolus injections.

Simultaneous 3D-TOF angiography and 4D-flow MRI with enhanced flow signal using multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition and magnetization transfer.

Purpose: To investigate the fusion of 3D time-of-flight principles into 4D-flow MRI to enhance vessel contrast and signal without an exogenous contrast agent, enabling simultaneous in-flow based angiograms.

Methods: A 4D-flow MRI technique was developed consisting of multiple overlapping slabs with intermittent magnetization transfer preparation. The scan time penalty associated with multiple slab acquisitions was mitigated by using undersampled distributed spiral trajectories and compressed sensing reconstruction.