Publications by authors named "P A Newcomb"
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) users are at increased breast cancer (BC) risk and decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk compared with never users, but these opposing associations might differ by familial risk of BC and CRC. We harmonized data from three cohorts and generated separate BC and CRC familial risk scores (FRS) based on cancer family history. We defined moderate/strong family history as FRS ≥ 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvancement of AI has opened new possibility for accurate diagnosis and prognosis using digital histopathology slides which not only saves hours of expert effort but also makes the estimation more standardized and accurate. However, preserving the AI model performance on the external sites is an extremely challenging problem in the histopathology domain which is primarily due to the difference in data acquisition and/or sampling bias. Although, AI models can also learn spurious correlation, they provide unequal performance across validation population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To examine the use of the PARO robotic pet seal for hospitalized older adults with dementia and compare the effects of PARO use with visits by a human on various outcomes, including physical restraint use, psychotropic medications, bedside sitters, and delirium.
Method: Complete data for 38 participants were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests.
Results: Participants interacting with PARO spent less time in their interactions; however, they received fewer psychotropic medications and had fewer instances of delirium than those who interacted with human visitors only.
Article Synopsis
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health concern, and understanding how genetic and environmental factors interact can help identify at-risk groups.
- This study analyzed data from over 45,000 CRC cases to assess both multiplicative and additive interactions between genetic risk scores and various environmental factors, finding no multiplicative interactions but significant additive ones for high genetic susceptibility individuals.
- Results suggest that individuals with high genetic risk could benefit more from lifestyle interventions like reducing alcohol intake or increasing fruit and fiber consumption, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies in CRC care.
Article Synopsis
- The legal environment for cannabis has shifted, with more states allowing its use, particularly among cancer patients for alleviating treatment side effects.
- A survey conducted across 12 cancer centers found that 32.9% of recently diagnosed cancer patients reported using cannabis, with varying rates based on state laws.
- Common perceived benefits included relief from pain, sleep issues, and anxiety, though only 21.5% felt comfortable discussing their cannabis use with healthcare providers, despite the majority feeling at ease talking about it overall.