Surveying the youth-to-senior transition landscape in Major League Soccer: a new frontier.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey Major League Soccer stakeholders' attitudes and perspectives on the youth-to-senior transition with a particular interest in the league's evolving club structures, specifically the reserve team and youth academy entities. The survey assessed various stakeholders' views on clubs' organisational aims and structure, the capabilities of club entities to prepare players for the first team, and the transition process to the first team within MLS.

Methods: A total of 80 participants working in various 'player operation' roles for MLS clubs in the United States and Canada voluntarily completed the online survey.

Systematic Route to Subcritical Dynamo Branches.

We demonstrate that the nonlinear optimization of a finite-amplitude disturbance over a freely evolving and possibly even turbulent flow, can successfully identify subcritical dynamo branches as well as the structure and amplitude of their critical perturbations. As this approach does not require prior knowledge of the magnetic field amplification mechanisms, it opens a new avenue for systematically probing subcritical dynamo flows.

Feeding growth restricted premature neonates: a challenging perspective.

Nutrition in the postnatal period is essential to achieve optimal growth and maintain biochemical normality. Feeding growth-restricted premature neonates remains a big challenge for pediatricians and neonatologists. The choice of milk is one of the biggest challenges.

Superior vena cava flow and intraventricular haemorrhage in extremely preterm infants.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between superior vena cava flow (SVCF) measurements within the first 24 h of life, and development of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) in extremely preterm infants.

Study Design: Single centre retrospective cohort study of 108 preterm infants born less than 28 weeks' gestation. Main outcome measure was degree of IVH at day 7 postnatal age.

Fetal Limb Ischaemia in Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome.

Objective. To describe the rare association between prenatal vascular limb occlusion and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The Case.