Co-option of mitochondrial nucleic acid-sensing pathways by HSV-1 UL12.5 for reactivation from latent infection.

Although viruses subvert innate immune pathways for their replication, there is evidence they can also co-opt antiviral responses for their benefit. The ubiquitous human pathogen, Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), encodes a protein (UL12.5) that induces the release of mitochondrial nucleic acid into the cytosol, which activates immune-sensing pathways and reduces productive replication in nonneuronal cells.

Physiological oxygen concentration during sympathetic primary neuron culture improves neuronal health and reduces HSV-1 reactivation.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) establishes a latent infection in peripheral neurons and periodically reactivates in response to a stimulus to permit transmission. models using primary neurons are invaluable to studying latent infection because they use bona fide neurons that have undergone differentiation and maturation . However, culture conditions should remain as close to those as possible.

Physiological oxygen concentration during sympathetic primary neuron culture improves neuronal health and reduces HSV-1 reactivation.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) establishes a latent infection in peripheral neurons and periodically reactivates in response to a stimulus to permit transmission. models using primary neurons are invaluable to studying latent infection because they use bona fide neurons that have undergone differentiation and maturation . However, culture conditions should remain as close to those as possible.

Co-option of mitochondrial nucleic acid sensing pathways by HSV-1 UL12.5 for reactivation from latent Infection.

Although viruses subvert innate immune pathways for their replication, there is evidence they can also co-opt anti-viral responses for their benefit. The ubiquitous human pathogen, Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1), encodes a protein (UL12.5) that induces the release of mitochondrial nucleic acid into the cytosol, which activates immune sensing pathways and reduces productive replication in non-neuronal cells.

Reliability of a short diet and vitamin supplement questionnaire for retrospective collection of maternal nutrient intake.

Background: Gestational nutrition can protect against adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Objectives: We developed a short tool for collecting maternal nutritional intake during pregnancy to facilitate research in this area and compared its retrospective use to prospectively-collected food frequency questionnaires (FFQ).

Methods: Maternal nutritional intake was retrospectively assessed using three versions (full interview, full self-administered online, and shortened interview) of the Early Life Exposure Assessment Tool (ELEAT) among participants of the MARBLES pregnancy cohort study of younger siblings of autistic children.