An exceptionally rare case of a giant parathyroid adenoma with carcinoma-like presentation.

Giant parathyroid adenoma (GPA) is an extremely rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and may sometimes mimic parathyroid carcinoma (PC). Parathyroid carcinoma is also a very rare entity. Both preoperative and postoperative diagnosis of the two conditions remains a challenge.

Intravesical Administration of Durvalumab for High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Phase 2 Study by the Hellenic GU Cancer Group.

For patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for whom bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment has failed, bladder preservation is a high priority. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise, but systemic administration is associated with substantial toxicity. In this single-arm phase 2 study, 30 patients with NMIBC after BCG failure were treated with intravesical durvalumab every 6 wk.

Liquid Polycaprolactone (PCL) for Reversing PXE's Skin Laxity of Inner Thighs and Knees: A Case Report.

Background/aim: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic connective tissue disorder that affects the skin with limited treatment options. A recent technology employing particle-free polycaprolactone (PCL) has shown promising results in treating inner thighs and kness of a 27-year-old female patient. This article provides a case report along with our detailed treatment protocol based on the efficacy of PCL in reversing skin laxity that can be easily incorporated into the therapeutic approaches for patients with PXE.

HIV infection is associated with compromised tumor microenvironment adaptive immune reactivity in Hodgkin lymphoma.

The impact of HIV infection on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), one of the most common comorbidities after HIV infection, is not well understood. Here, we have used multiplexed immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomic analysis to dissect the impact of viral infections (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] and HIV/EBV) on cHL TME. HIV-EBV+ cHL TME was characterized by higher cell densities of CD8high T cells coexpressing inhibitory receptors (PD-1 and TIGIT), macrophage subsets, and an in situ inflammatory molecular profile associated with increased expression of T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor cell signaling pathways than HIV-EBV- cHL TME.