Two-Photon Polymerisation 3D Printing of Microneedle Array Templates with Versatile Designs: Application in the Development of Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems.

Purpose: To apply a simple and flexible manufacturing technique, two-photon polymerisation (2PP), to the fabrication of microneedle (MN) array templates with high precision and low cost in a short time.

Methods: Seven different MN array templates were produced by 2PP 3D printing, varying needle height (900-1300 μm), shape (conical, pyramidal, cross-shaped and with pedestal), base width (300-500 μm) and interspacing (100-500 μm). Silicone MN array moulds were fabricated from these templates and used to produce dissolving and hydrogel-forming MN arrays.

Long-term clinical safety of clindamycin and rifampicin combination for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa. A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Question/scenario: Can therapy with clindamycin and rifampicin be safely continued long term beyond the recommended 10-week course?

Background: Clindamycin and rifampicin are used in combination to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). There is no data on the efficacy and safety of clindamycin/rifampicin combination therapy for HS beyond 10 weeks.

Methods: We identified the following major concerns that still lack a proper evidenced-based analysis: for rifampicin, drug-induced liver injury, interstitial nephritis, drug interaction and hepatic p450 3A4 enzyme induction; for clindamycin, the concern was community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI); and experience with long-term treatment.