Increased urocortin 3 levels are associated with the risk of having type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Urocortin 3 (UCN3) is a peptide hormone playing a pivotal role in glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, its clinical implications remain unclear. Our aims were to investigate the altered levels of UCN3 in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM) patients in comparison to subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and to determine the presence of any possible link between UCN3 levels and metabolic parameters.

Fractalkine: an inflammatory chemokine elevated in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose: Fractalkine (FKN) is an inflammatory chemokine related to reproductive system and glucose metabolism. There is a link between FKN and steroidogenesis as FKN induces progesterone synthesis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder associated with low progesterone production and insulin resistance.

Association of decreased C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-5 levels with metabolic and hormonal disturbance in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-5 (CTRP5) is a novel peptide hormone involved in the metabolism of energy regulation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is a reproductive and metabolic disorder, is associated with insulin resistance. The aim of the current study was to compare circulating levels of CTRP5 in women with and without PCOS and to investigate possible associations between CTRP5 and metabolic-hormonal parameters.

Association of kallistatin with carotid intima-media thickness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Kallistatin is a secreted protein that acts as a tissue kallikrein inhibitor. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and vasoprotective properties. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive and metabolic disease associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and multiple risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.