DIRAS3 induces autophagy and enhances sensitivity to anti-autophagic therapy in KRAS-driven pancreatic and ovarian carcinomas.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and low-grade ovarian cancer (LGSOC) are characterized by the prevalence of KRAS oncogene mutations. DIRAS3 is the first endogenous non-RAS protein that heterodimerizes with RAS, disrupts RAS clustering, blocks RAS signaling, and inhibits cancer cell growth. Here, we found that DIRAS3-mediated KRAS inhibition induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in PDAC and LGSOC cells with KRAS mutations, but not in cells with wild-type KRAS, by downregulating NFE2L2/Nrf2 transcription, reducing antioxidants, and inducing oxidative stress.

Targeting of Notch, IL-1, and leptin has therapeutic potential in xenograft colorectal cancer.

Background/aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a fatal malignancy type and its occurence still needs to be explored mechanistically. Notch, IL-1, and leptin crosstalk is reported to play a role in the proliferation, migration, and expression of proangiogenic molecules. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of inhibition of Notch, IL-1, and leptin on CRC.

Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 is regulated separately in follicular and serum compartments of PCOS patients: a pilot study.

Objective: The aim of our study is to detect endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1) levels in the serum and follicular fluids (FF) of patients undergoing IVF/ICSI for PCOS. The presence of ESM-1 traffic between the serum and follicular compartment was analyzed.

Patients And Methods: A total of 50 patients, including 25 infertile patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the Revised Rotterdam criteria, and 25 patients in infertility follow-up for reasons other than PCOS, were included in the pilot study.

Therapeutic Landscape of AXL Receptor Kinase in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Early cancer recurrence, driven by resistance to therapeutics, is a major obstacle to overcome poor survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Recently, overexpression of AXL has been identified as one of the key molecular determinants leading to the development of acquired resistance to chemotherapy and targeted anticancer treatments. AXL overactivation drives many hallmarks of cancer progression, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, metastasis, drug resistance, and is linked to poor patient survival and disease recurrence.

The effect of carvacrol on the proinflammatory cytokines, histology, and fertility outcome of cisplatin-related ovarian change in a rat model.

Objective: In women, agents used in chemotherapy treatment have side effects such as accelerating follicular depletion and early menopause. Thus, cytotoxic treatments may cause various effects ranging from partial damage to the ovary to premature ovarian failure (POI) and infertility. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of carvacrol on cisplatin (CIS)-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats.

Resveratrol downregulates ENaCs through the activation of AMPK in human colon cancer cells.

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) are critically engaged in a number of hallmarks of cancer progression, including proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Thus, the inhibition of ENaCs possesses therapeutic potential in cancer. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with anti-carcinogenic activity, is a potent activator of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which reduces the abundance of ENaCs in the cell membrane by causing the internalization of the β subunit.

Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Estrogen Therapy Resistance and Novel Targeted Therapies.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, constituting one-third of all cancers in women, and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Anti-estrogen therapies, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators, significantly improve survival in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC patients, which represents about 70% of cases. However, about 60% of patients inevitably experience intrinsic or acquired resistance to anti-estrogen therapies, representing a major clinical problem that leads to relapse, metastasis, and patient deaths.

Magnetic Targeting of 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded Liposome-Nanogels for In Vivo Breast Cancer Therapy and the Cytotoxic Effects on Liver and Kidney.

In our previous paper, we demonstrated the ex vivo studies of non-toxic liposome-nanogel systems by which the long-term drug release could be provided from hybrid systems for the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug molecule. The aim of this study was the in vivo magnetic targeting of 5-FU-loaded FeO nanoparticles including DPPC liposome-based PEGylated nanogels (5-FU loaded FeOLPN) to breast cancer tissue and the investigation of the treatment and cytotoxic effects of that hybrid system to the liver and kidney in CD-1 mice using an external magnetic field. The effectiveness of the control, 5-FU group, FeOLPN, and 5-FU-loaded FeOLPN systems was evaluated using histopathology in terms of p53, ESR, PRG and C-erB-2, and qRT-PCR in terms of TYMS, ESR-1, RPG, and EGRF.

Fertility protective effect of taxifolin in cisplatin-induced ovarian damage.

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effect of taxifolin on ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction created by cisplatin administration.

Materials And Methods: A total of 36 albino Wistar female adult rats were equally divided into 3 groups as cisplatin administered only (CIS), taxifolin+cisplatin (T+C) and healthy control group (HG). Taxifolin 50 mg/kg was administered orally by gavage in the T+C (n=12) group.

Comparing the effects of endometrial injury with hysteroscopy or Pipelle cannula on fertility outcome.

Objective: To compare the effects of mechanical endometrial injury performed with hysteroscopy or Pipelle cannula on fertility outcome in patients with implantation failure.

Patients And Methods: Sixty patients with a history of two or more failed ICSI despite the transfer of high-quality embryos were equally divided into three groups: Group A - injury with hysteroscopy (n=20), Group B - injury with Pipelle cannula (n=20), Group C - no injury (n=20). Patients in group A underwent endometrial injury with monopolar needle forceps between days 10-12 of the proliferative phase in the preceding cycle before ovarian stimulation.

Follicular fluid 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels determine fertility outcome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To determine the possible relationship between follicular fluid 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and fertility outcome of women who underwent IVF/ICSI with the diagnosis of lean polycystic ovary syndrome.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients who were diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria and decided on IVF/ICSI were included in the study. Thirty patients who were scheduled for IVF/ICSI for reasons other than PCOS and matched in terms of age and BMI were taken as the control group (non-PCOS).

Investigation of the Anticancer Effect of S-Allyl-L Cysteine on the C6 Rat Glioma Cell Line in vitro in 2D- and 3D-Cell Culture Models.

Aim: To investigate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of S-allyl cysteine (SAC) on C6 glioblastoma cells using two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) cell culture systems.

Material And Methods: Three groups of rat glioma cell line C6 were prepared: 2D-Control, 2D-SAC, 3D-CMC-Control, and 3D-CMC-SAC. The control cells were incubated under standard culture conditions, the SAC cells were incubated in a culture medium supplemented with the IC50 dose (50 ?M for both the 2D-SAC C6 and 3D-CMC-SAC groups) of SAC for 24 and 48 h.

The Effects of Cannabinoid Agonist, Heat Shock Protein 90 and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Increasing IL-13 and IL-31 Levels in Chronic Pruritus.

Background: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor and cannabinoid agonists ameliorate dry skin-induced chronic itch. We have recently reported that cannabinoids, hsp90 and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in dry skin-induced itch. Here, we investigated the contribution of the Th2 cell signaling pathway to the antipruritic effect of the hsp90 inhibitor 17-Alilamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on a dry skin-induced scratch.

Endometrial polyps prevent embryo implantation via creatine and lactate pathways.

Objective: This study was planned to investigate the concentration of basic endometrial metabolites such as endometrial choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) and lactate in subfertile women diagnosed with endometrial polyps.

Patients And Methods: Twenty patients with endometrial polyps detected in routine infertility evaluation and 20 fertile control patients with at least two children were included in the study. The endometrium of the patients in both groups was subjected to spectroscopy at mid-luteal phase and Cho, Cr, and lactate signals were recorded as a ppm.

Calcium gluconate infusion is not as effective as dopamine agonists in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of calcium gluconate and cabergoline therapy in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Patients And Methods: Eight hundred and forty-five women who underwent GnRH antagonist protocol and at high risk for developing OHSS were divided into two groups, those given cabergoline (n=435) or calcium gluconate (n=410). In cabergoline group, 0.

Correlation between high Choline metabolite signal in spectroscopy and sperm retrieval chance at micro-TESE.

Objective: To determine the relationship between choline (Cho) signal intensity measured before micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) and sperm retrieval rates in mTESE in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients.

Patients And Methods: A total of 20 patients who underwent testicular MR spectroscopy were included in the study. Participants consisted of 10 patients diagnosed with NOA and 10 fertile cases with normal sperm counts.

miR663 Prevents Epo Inhibition Caused by TNF-Alpha in Normoxia and Hypoxia.

Objective: In chronic inflammatory diseases, proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- are present in high amounts in the circulation and are associated with anemia in most cases. Experimental studies have shown that TNF- inhibits the synthesis of erythropoietin (Epo), the main stimulant of hematopoiesis. Our aim was to figure out which microRNAs are involved in the Epo repression by TNF-.

Role of Notch, IL-1 and leptin expression in colorectal cancer.

An increasing number of studies have shown that angiogenesis has an important role in the progression of cancer. The growth of a new network of blood vessels is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis, which is promoted by several proangiogenic factors. Leptin, an essential adipokine that is secreted from fat tissue, is one of these pro-angiogenic factors.

Cytogenetic analysis of early pregnancy loss after assisted reproduction treatment using intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities in the patients with early pregnancy loss (EPL) following in vitro fertilization, and evaluate the role of different confounders of the risk of chromosomal abnormality-related pregnancy loss.

Material And Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients from our in vitro fertilization (IVF) center who conceived using assisted reproduction techniques between April 2017 and 2019, who experienced a subsequent early pregnancy loss, and whose abortus materials were successfully karyotyped were included.

Results: Of the 243 patients experienced an early loss, the overall rate of chromosomal abnormality was 46.

Erythropoietin Protects the Kidney by Regulating the Effect of TNF-α in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats.

Background/aims: Hypertension is the leading cause of death worldwide. Chronic high blood pressure induces inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays a major role in inflammation and also depresses the synthesis of erythropoietin, which exerts protective effects on tissue; however, the mechanism is still unclear.

The effect of leptin and resveratrol on JAK/STAT pathways and Sirt-1 gene expression in the renal tissue of ischemia/reperfusion induced rats.

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the possible modifying effects of leptin and combined use of resveratrol on rat renal I/R injury and their relationship on signal pathways and apoptosis-related mechanisms.

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important cause of acute renal failure.

Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: Control, I/R, I/R+leptin, I/R+resveratrol and I/R+leptin+resveratrol.

The Impact of Surgical Staging on the Prognosis of Mucinous Borderline Tumors of the Ovaries: A Multicenter Study.

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of complete surgical staging of patients with mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (mBOTs) especially appendectomy on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Patients And Methods: The database of 14 gynecological oncology departments from Turkey and Germany were comprehensively searched for women who underwent primary surgery for an ovarian tumor between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2015, and whose final diagnosis was mBOT.

Results: A total of 364 patients with mBOT with a median age of 43.

Evaluation of the efficacy of transobturator tape surgery in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence using urodynamics and questionnaires.

Objective: To measure the efficiency of transobturator tape (TOT) surgery using urodynamics and questionnaires in stress urinary incontinence.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-two patients with stress and mixed urinary incontinency who underwent TOT surgery were selected for the study. We retrospectively examined the patients' urodynamics, ultrasonography, demographic characteristics, incontinency surveys, life quality scores [incontinence impact questionnaire, (IQ-7) and urinary distress inventory (UDI-6)], diagnostic findings, Q-type test, surgical records, and complications.

Effects of ceranib-2 on cell survival and TNF-alpha in colon cancer cell line.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel anti-cancer drug, ceranib-2, which targets the acid ceramidase, in human colon cancer cell line.

Materials And Methods: The cell lines were treated with 50 µM of ceranib-2. Relative mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, TNF-R1 and ASAH were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR.