Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Prescription and Consumption in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Gateway to the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship is an important action plan for curbing the rising trend of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Surveillance of antimicrobial use and consumption is needed as baseline data and for monitoring the impact of antimicrobial stewardship interventions. The survey was done to understand the burden of AMR, in view of establishing an antimicrobial stewardship program in our hospital.

Molecular detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria.

Background: The use of antibiotic agents in the treatment of infectious diseases has greatly contributed to the decrease in morbidity and mortality, but these great advances in treatment are being undermined by the rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistant organisms. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes hydrolyzing the beta lactam antibiotics, including third generation cephalosporins and monobactams but not cephamycins and carbapenems. They pose a serious global health threat and have become a challenge for health care providers.

Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Nigeria From 2010 to 2016, Prior to and During the Phased Introduction of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.

Background: Historically, Nigeria has experienced large bacterial meningitis outbreaks with high mortality in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Haemophilus influenzae are major causes of this invasive disease. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in sentinel hospitals within Nigeria to establish the burden of pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM).

Rotavirus diarrhoea hospitalizations among children under 5 years of age in Nigeria, 2011-2016.

Background: The high burden of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is well documented among children under 5 years of age, with the majority of mortality occurring in developing countries. Nigeria ranked second worldwide in the number of rotavirus deaths in 2013. As Nigeria plans to introduce rotavirus vaccine soon, a pre-vaccine documentation of rotavirus disease burden is necessary to determine vaccine impact.

Providing Feedback on Clinical Performance to Hospitalists: Experience Using a New Metric Tool to Assess Inpatient Satisfaction With Care From Hospitalists.

Introduction: Physicians have been shown to possess limited ability for accurate self-assessment; thus, effective feedback is crucial for their professional development. This study describes providers' reflections on their data and evaluates the hospitalist physicians' impressions about receiving this feedback derived from a new survey metric specifically designed to obtain patient assessment of their treating hospitalist provider coupled with reflective sessions.

Methods: Participants were 26 hospitalists from one institution.

Urinary tract infection in febrile under five children in Enugu, South Eastern Nigeria.

Background: Fever is a common symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children less than 5 years of age. Little attention is however paid to UTI as a cause of fever in this age group.

Objective: The objective of the following study is to determine the prevalence of UTI in febrile children less than 5 years of age and relate it to demographic and clinical characteristics.

Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea among children younger than 5 years in Enugu, South East, Nigeria.

Background: Severe rotavirus diarrhea in children is a major cause of morbidity globally and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated to be responsible for >453,000 deaths in children <5 years of age globally and 232,000 in the African region. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children <5 years of age in Enugu and to support awareness and advocacy efforts for the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Nigeria.

Bacteriology of wound infections in the surgical wards of a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria.

During a 24-month period, January 2001 - December 2002, 404 wound swabs from 390 patients made up of 280 from surgical wounds, 92 from ulcers and 32 from other wounds like lacerations and discharging sinuses were studied. The prevalence of bacterial organisms and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was analyzed, using standard bacteriologic techniques. Two hundred and sixty four organisms (69.

Increasing incidence of bacterial, resistance to antibiotics by isolates from the urinary tract.

This is a prospective study to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among organisms causing urinary tract infections in a Teaching Hospital between August 2003 and July 2004 and to compare them with an earlier study in 1993. A total of 1,104 urine samples were collected in sterile universal containers from patients attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital and studied. All samples showing significant bacteriuna were studied and isolates identified using standard bacteriogical methods.

Prevalence of dermatophytosis in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria: any change in pattern?

A total of 344 specimens of skin, hair and nail clippings, were examined for the presence of dermatophytes during the period May 2003 - April 2004 at the UNTH.Enugu. Out of these, 65 were found positive for dermatophytes.

Antimicrobial resistance problems in a university hospital.

Background: The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, particularly those used for first-line therapy, is an increasing cause for concern. Unfortunately, in Nigeria, much of the antibiotic therapy is not laboratory individualized or even laboratory extrapolated, leading to empirical prescription.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among common pathogens in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (Enugu, Nigeria) and to proffer solutions that will help decrease the prevalence.

Intestinal Helminths in relationship to Chronic Diarrhoea in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Adults in Enugu.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and intestinal helminthiasis are common conditions in Nigeria. Chronic diarrhoea is a common manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS). Helminths such as Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura may cause chronic diarrhoea especially in immunocompromised individuals.

Bacteriology of burn wounds in Enugu, Nigeria.

A retrospective study of bacterial infection in 71 burned patients over a 5-year period (1993-1997) was carried out. The commonest colonizing organism was Klebsiella species (26.7%) followed by Staph aureus (25.

Urinary tract infections in children due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Enugu, Nigeria.

During a 4-year period, March 1989 to February 1993, 22 children with proven urinary tract infections (UTI) due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied retrospectively. The infections were more common in males (59 per cent), with the highest number of cases 10 (46 per cent) occurring in the 1-4 year age group. Sixty-eight per cent of the children had risk factors for infection with renal diseases, accounting for 36 per cent, followed by surgery of the urinary tract/catheters (23 per cent).

Acute bacterial meningitis in Enugu, Nigeria. 1 April 1989 to 31 March 1993.

A total of 84 cases of meningitis confirmed by isolation of the organisms at the University of Nigeria Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria between 1 April 1989 and 31 March 1993 are presented. The cases are analysed by diagnosis, seasonal distribution, age and sex distribution and age specific case fatality rate. The most common type of meningitis was pneumococcal meningitis 32 cases, followed by coliform meningitis 31 cases and meningococcal meningitis, six cases.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia in Enugu, Nigeria. A review of 24 cases.

A 4-year study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) in Enugu, Nigeria. The average age of the patients was 14.7 years.

Urinary tract infection with proteus species in a teaching hospital.

This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of urinary tract infection due to proteus species, the predisposing factors, age and sex distribution, complications and the extent of drug resistance. A total of 580 patients were studied. Proteus species comprised 33 (9%) of the total number of bacterial isolates causing urinary tract infection during a one year study period between June 1991-May 1992.

Changing pattern of acute bacterial meningitis in Enugu, Nigeria.

A retrospective analysis of the records of 76 children with culture proven acute bacterial meningitis at UNTH, Enugu over a four year period (1 April 1989 through 30 March 1993), has revealed a striking change in the pattern of the disease especially in the causative organisms, age distribution, morbidity and mortality. Gram negative organisms accounted for 52.63% of all isolates, with coliforms being the most predominant (34.