Urinary cotinine levels of smokeless tobacco (Maraş powder) users.

Smokeless tobacco is used in various forms in some countries of the world. "Maraş otu" is a kind of smokeless tobacco usage in the Southeastern region of Turkey. The use of smokeless tobacco causes nicotine addiction and dependence.

Ocular penetration of cefepime following systemic administration in humans.

Objective: To investigate the penetration of cefepime (a fourth generation cephalosporin) into the aqueous humor after single-dose intravenous administration in humans.

Patients And Methods: Before receiving cataract surgery, 30 patients received randomly 1 g (group 1, 15 patients) and 2 g (group 2, 15 patients) single intravenous injection of cefepime before surgery. Samples of aqueous humor and serum were obtained at 0.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections after renal transplantation.

The incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 5.8% (16/274) in 274 kidney graft recipients in our centre between 1986 and 1998. The kidney recipients were evaluated retrospectively.

Effects of antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and trace elements Cu, Se on CuZn SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and LPO levels in chicken erythrocytes.

The biologically damaging effects of reactive oxygen species are controlled in vivo by a wide spectrum of antioxidant defence mechanisms. Dietary constituents of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements may play an important role in protecting against oxidant damage. The effects of supplementation of vitamins A, C, E and trace elements Cu and Se on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxide levels in chicken erythrocytes were investigated depend on the time.

Is it possible to resterilize disposable laparoscopy trocars in a hospital setting?

Nosocomial infections associated with interventional procedures have been attributed to improper decontamination of instruments. Disinfection of solid laparoscopic instruments, such as telescopes, by 2% glutaraldehyde and ethylene oxide was shown to be effective in preventing infection transmission. However, instrument design in more complex surgical instruments may hamper the quality of disinfection.

Tuberculous subcutaneous abscesses developing during miliary tuberculosis therapy.

Although rare, paradoxical subcutaneous abscesses may develop during appropriate treatment of miliary tuberculosis. While the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not clear, some theories have been postulated. A case of a 37-y-old woman diagnosed as having miliary tuberculosis who developed subcutaneous abscesses within the 5 months of antituberculous treatment is described and all 6 similar cases published in English from 1954 to 1999 are discussed.

The effects of sucralfate and selective intestinal decontamination on bacterial translocation.

Sucralfate is widely used as a cytoprotective agent in patients with peptic ulcer and other intestinal mucosal damage. In this study, the effects of sucralfate and/or selective intestinal decontamination with gentamycin on bacterial translocation (BT) in rats with experimentally-induced mechanical jaundice were investigated. Seventy-five adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of 15 each.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of silicone oil against endophthalmitis-causing agents.

Purpose: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of silicone oil against endophthalmitis-causing agents in vitro.

Methods: The antimicrobial activity of silicone oil was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus spp. The bacteria and fungi were separately inoculated into 1,300 centistokes silicone oil.

Diploid-triploid and tetraploid mosaicism in a child with cryptogenic cirrhosis and membranous glomerulonephritis: a causal relationship or coincidental association?

We present a seven-year-old boy with cryptogenic cirrhosis, membranous glomerulonephritis, mild mental retardation and mildly dysmorphic changes. Chromosomal analysis showed diploid, triploid and tetraploid mosaicism which was detected both by cytogenetic study and flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content. Complete tetraploidy and triploidy, usually lethal, are rare chromosomal disorders.

The effect of an H2-receptor antagonist on small-bowel colonization and bacterial translocation in newborn rats.

Bacterial translocation (BT) is defined as the passage of enteric bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to extraintestinal tissues. Bacterial overgrowth is one of the main promoting factors of BT, which is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. It is believed that small-bowel colonization is established by bacterial spread through the rectum.

Practical approach for detection and identification of OXA-10-derived ceftazidime-hydrolyzing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.

A practical approach to detect and identify ceftazidime-hydrolyzing extended-spectrum mutants of OXA-10 beta-lactamase is presented. Large numbers of bacteria were screened by colony hybridization, a 720-bp part of blaOXA was amplified by PCR from the hybridization-positive isolates, and the products were digested by PvuII and HaeIII.

Widespread detection of PER-1-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among nosocomial Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Turkey: a nationwide multicenter study.

We studied the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of PER-1-type beta-lactamases among Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated over a 3-month period in eight university hospitals from distinct regions of Turkey. A total of 72, 92, and 367 Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, and P. aeruginosa isolates were studied, respectively.

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on bacterial translocation due to burn wound sepsis.

The presence of certain defects in both cellular and humoral immunity after thermal injury has been established. Likewise, the translocation of enteric bacteria to the mesenteric lymph nodes and to distant organs has also been observed following serious thermal injury. The effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on bacterial translocation, the small bowel mucosa, and cecal bacterial content were investigated in a rat model of burn wound sepsis in which albino Wistar rats were scalded over 30% of their bodies, after which the lesions were infected by 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Characterization of multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium stains: molecular epidemiology of PER-1-producing isolates and evidence for nosocomial plasmid exchange by a clone.

We characterized epidemiologic and genetic features of nosocomially originated multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium isolates from two hospitals. A total of 32 multiply resistant strains, isolated during a 28-month period, were studied. Four resistance phenotypes were distinguished on the basis of the results of disc diffusion tests.

The role of lactulose in the prevention of bacterial translocation in surgical trauma.

Surgical trauma (ST) is one of the causative factor of bacterial translocation. In this study we investigated the prevention of bacterial translocation with lactulose in a surgical trauma model. The study was designed in 3 experimental groups consisting of 15 rats in each.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzoylamino)-benzoyl]-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides.

1-Aroyl-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides were obtained by the addition of 4-(4-fluorobenzoylamino)benzoylhydrazine to methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl and phenethyl isothiocyanates. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using UV, IR, 1H-NMR (for compounds 4c, 4g) and mass (for compounds 4b, 4c, 4g) spectral methods together with elemental analyses. None of the synthesized compounds has been reported previously.

Long-term follow-up results of the MAGPI (meatal advancement and glanuloplasty) operations in distal hypospadias.

Between 1985 and 1989, 54 boys underwent a MAGPI procedure. Excellent cosmetic and functional results were achieved in 94% of our cases in the early period. In order to assess the long-term results of this procedure, 41 boys attended long-term re-evaluation between 6 and 40 (mean 29) months postoperatively.