Cryoprotective role of vacuum infused inulin on the quality of artichoke: Interactive effects of freezing, thawing and storage period.

Freezing of artichoke is a promising alternative to storing it in brine and canning. The perishable vegetable was vacuum infused with inulin to improve freezing tolerance. Artichokes with and without inulin were frozen by static, air blast and individual quick freezing (IQF) methods and thawed by microwave, 25 °C and 4 °C temperature levels at each month of 6-months storage.

Functionality Enhancement of Pea Protein Powder via High-Intensity Ultrasound: Screening in-vitro Digestion, o/w Emulsion Properties and Testing in Gluten-Free Bread.

Structural modification of protein prior to food application is an emergent approach to improve functionalization. The effectiveness of high-power ultrasound at varying amplitudes (0-100%) on the properties of pea protein powder was investigated in this study. The resulting modification was also tested with model gluten-free bread formulation and by screening the emulsion properties within vegetable oil.

Exendin-4 protects endothelial cells from lipoapoptosis by PKA, PI3K, eNOS, p38 MAPK, and JNK pathways.

Experimental studies have indicated that endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. We previously reported that human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) express the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor and that the stable GLP1 mimetic exendin-4 is able to activate the receptor, leading to increased cell proliferation. Here, we have studied the effect of exendin-4 and native GLP1 (7-36) on lipoapoptosis and its underlying mechanisms in HCAECs.

Effects of some anti-diabetic and cardioprotective agents on proliferation and apoptosis of human coronary artery endothelial cells.

Background: The leading cause of death for patients suffering from diabetes is macrovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is often observed in type 2 diabetic patients and it is considered to be an important early event in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease. Many drugs are clinically applied to treat diabetic patients.

Exendin-4 restores glucolipotoxicity-induced gene expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells.

Exendin-4, a stable GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been shown to stimulate insulin secretion. It has also been shown to exert beneficial effects on endothelial function that are independent of its glycemic effects. The molecular mechanisms underlying the protective actions of exendin-4 against diabetic glucolipotoxicity in endothelial cells largely remain elusive.

Endothelial dysfunction induced by triglycerides is not restored by exenatide in rat conduit arteries ex vivo.

Exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) is a stable analogue of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and has recently been approved for clinical use against type 2 diabetes. Exenatide is believed to exert its effects via the GLP-1 receptor with almost the same potency as GLP-1 in terms of lowering blood glucose. Short term exenatide treatment normalizes the altered vascular tone in type 2 diabetic rats, probably due to the reduction in glycemia.