Neurodevelopmental evaluation of children who were operated due to congenital anomaly with the 'Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)' and 'ASQ: Social-Emotional'.

Background: The purpose of surgeries performed for congenital anomalies in children is to increase the survival rates and provide a developmental comparison to that of their peers.

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the development of children following surgery for congenital anomalies and the risk factors affecting their development.

Methods: Our study included 33 children who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal anomalies in our clinic between 2011 and 2016, and did not have any syndrome, chromosomal abnormality, or additional abnormality.

Children With Dyscalculia Show Hippocampal Hyperactivity During Symbolic Number Perception.

Dyscalculia is a learning disability affecting the acquisition of arithmetical skills in children with normal intelligence and age-appropriate education. Two hypotheses attempt to explain the main cause of dyscalculia. The first hypothesis suggests that a problem with the core mechanisms of perceiving (non-symbolic) quantities is the cause of dyscalculia (core deficit hypothesis), while the alternative hypothesis suggests that dyscalculics have problems only with the processing of numerical symbols (access deficit hypothesis).

Hypospadias and the Use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to Evaluate Neurodevelopmental Status of Boys with Hypospadias.

Introduction:  Placental insufficiency is one of the reasons for the reduction of hormone production. Thus, if one of the suspected causes of hypospadias is placental insufficiency, then the neurodevelopmental status of boys with hypospadias may be impaired. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurodevelopmental status of boys with hypospadias and guide the parents of those who need support to related departments for early intervention.

The relationship of cortical activity induced by pain stimulation with clinical and cognitive features of somatic symptom disorder: A controlled functional near infrared spectroscopy study.

Objective: The neurobiological correlates of Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) introduced in the DSM-5 has been the focus of a limited investigation. We aimed to examine the cortical response to painful stimuli and its relationship to symptom severity as well as cognitive and psychological characteristics in proposed models of somatoform disorders.

Methods: We measured hemodynamic responses by 52-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised (MCHAT-R/F) in an Urban Metropolitan Sample of Young Children in Turkey.

The study assessed the feasibility of using a Turkish-version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R/F) as a screening tool for an urban low risk population of young children. M-CHAT-R/F was completed for 6712 children between ages 16 and 36 months living in Istanbul, Turkey. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 was served as the main measure for diagnosis.

Grade effects on teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms among primary school students.

Several studies have reported that being younger for grade increases the risk of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and being on ADHD medication among students. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in a low-middle income country setting. Sample included 2,627 children from first to fourth grades.

Hydatid Cyst of the Posterior Cervical Region.

Hydatid cyst is an endemically seen parasitic disease and caused by the larval form of Echinococcus parasites. The disease is mostly seen in liver and lung, and the other involvement is rarely seen. Head and neck involvement is extremely rarely seen and its frequency in the literature is reported as less than 1%.

Effects of maternal symptom ratings and other clinical features on short-term treatment response to OROS methylphenidate in children and adolescents with ADHD in a naturalistic clinical setting.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antisocial behavior and anxiety/depression ratings of mothers, and child and adolescents' age, gender, ADHD subtype, and comorbidity on one-month drug treatment response to OROS methylphenidate in ADHD in a naturalistic setting.

Methods: The analyses included 223 subjects (191 boys, 32 girls; age 6-15 years, mean: 9.4) treated with OROS methylphenidate (18-72 mg/day, mean: 31 mg/d; 0.

Mutations in Human Accelerated Regions Disrupt Cognition and Social Behavior.

Comparative analyses have identified genomic regions potentially involved in human evolution but do not directly assess function. Human accelerated regions (HARs) represent conserved genomic loci with elevated divergence in humans. If some HARs regulate human-specific social and behavioral traits, then mutations would likely impact cognitive and social disorders.

EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY IN EARLY MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTIONS FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS, OTHER PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY.

Emotional availability (EA) is a method to assess early parent-child dyadic interactions for emotional awareness, perception, experience, and expression between child and parent that describe global relational quality (Z. Biringen & M. Easterbrooks, 2012).

Evaluation of Iodine Deficiency in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of iodine deficiency (ID) and its effects on mental function in children referred to the Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital with a prospective diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: The study was conducted on 89 children referred in the period from September 2009 to June 2010 with a diagnosis of ADHD.

Genetic testing in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate karyotype abnormalities, MECP2 mutations, and Fragile X in a clinical population of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) using The Clinical Report published by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Methods: Ninety-six children with ASD were evaluated for genetic testing and factors associated with this testing.

Results: Abnormalities were found on karyotype in 9.

Effect of a socıal defeat experıence on prefrontal actıvıty ın schızophrenıa.

The social defeat (SD) hypothesis of schizophrenia posits that repeated experiences of SD may lead to sensitization of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and to precipitation of psychosis. Based on previous definitions adapted to a human experimental paradigm, we prepared a computer simulation of SD to mimic this subjective experience. We measured prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls during exposure to a single SD experience with functional near infrared spectroscopy.

Serum S100B Protein Levels in Patients with Panic Disorder: Effect of Treatment with Selective Serotonine Reuptake Inhibitors.

Objective: Altered serum S100B protein levels have been shown in several psychiatric disorders. Our aim was to investigate whether plasma S100B is different in patients with panic disorder (PD) when compared with controls. Our second aim was to investigate whether treatment with SSRIs have an effect on S100B levels in patients with PD.

[Differential diagnosis between Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders: a case report].

Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by social and interpersonal deficits marked by discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior. Inappropriate or constricted affect, reduced capacity for relationships, lack of close friends and reduced capacity for social life are the symptoms that overlap both schizotypal personality disorder and autism spectrum disorders. The making of differential diagnosis may be difficult since several symptoms are similar between these disorders.

Prefrontal activity measured by functional near infrared spectroscopy during probabilistic inference in subjects with persecutory delusions.

Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is a probabilistic reasoning bias and is thought to contribute to delusion formation. Neurobiological correlates of the JTC bias are not known. We aimed to examine the rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC) activity with functional near ınfrared spectroscopy during a modified version of the Beads in a Jar Task (BIJT) in subjects with persecutory delusions (N=25).

ADHD Medication Trends in Turkey: 2009-2013.

Objective: To investigate the change of ADHD medication prescriptions in Turkey between 2009 and 2013.

Method: Consumption data of ADHD medications, immediate release (IR) methylphenidate (MPH; Ritalin), OROS MPH (Concerta), and atomoxetine (Strattera) were obtained from IMS Health database for the November 2008 to October 2013 period. Defined daily dose (DDD) of each drug was calculated according to WHO definitions and time-series analysis was conducted.

Psychosocial status and quality of life in mothers of infants with colic.

We aimed to measure the psychosocial status and quality of life in mothers of babies with infantile colic (IC). Mothers and their newborns were stratified into Group 1 (colicky infant-mother dyad [n: 39]) and Group 2 (non-colicky infant-mother dyad [n: 39]). Maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively.

Three-item Direct Observation Screen (TIDOS) for autism spectrum disorder.

We compared ratings on the Three-Item Direct Observation Screen test for autism spectrum disorders completed by pediatric residents with the Social Communication Questionnaire parent reports as an augmentative tool for improving autism spectrum disorder screening performance. We examined three groups of children (18-60 months) comparable in age (18-24 month, 24-36 month, 36-60 preschool subgroups) and gender distribution: n = 86 with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.

[Mental problems and impulsivity reported by adolescents: an epidemiological study].

Objective: To determine whether number of self-reported impulsivity symptoms was associated with conduct problems, substance use, academic problems, relational problems and exposure to physical violence in adolescents.

Method: A survey was developed to be used in a nationally representative general community sample. A 2-staged, stratified and clustered sampling was used.