Radiological Recovery of Osteoid Osteoma after CT Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation.

Objective: To observe the necessity and usefulness of follow-up Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography Imaging (CTI) after RFA of osteoid osteoma.

Study Design: A descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, between May 2015 and January 2020.

Homeostatic plasticity fails at the intersection of autism-gene mutations and a novel class of common genetic modifiers.

We identify a set of common phenotypic modifiers that interact with five independent autism gene orthologs (, , , , ) causing a common failure of presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) in . Heterozygous null mutations in each autism gene are demonstrated to have normal baseline neurotransmission and PHP. However, PHP is sensitized and rendered prone to failure.

Target-wide Induction and Synapse Type-Specific Robustness of Presynaptic Homeostasis.

Presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) is an evolutionarily conserved form of adaptive neuromodulation and is observed at both central and peripheral synapses. In this work, we make several fundamental advances by interrogating the synapse specificity of PHP. We define how PHP remains robust to acute versus long-term neurotransmitter receptor perturbation.

Molecular mechanisms that stabilize short term synaptic plasticity during presynaptic homeostatic plasticity.

Presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) compensates for impaired postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor function through a rapid, persistent adjustment of neurotransmitter release, an effect that can exceed 200%. An unexplained property of PHP is the preservation of short-term plasticity (STP), thereby stabilizing activity-dependent synaptic information transfer. We demonstrate that the dramatic potentiation of presynaptic release during PHP is achieved while simultaneously maintaining a constant ratio of primed to super-primed synaptic vesicles, thereby preserving STP.

MCTP is an ER-resident calcium sensor that stabilizes synaptic transmission and homeostatic plasticity.

Presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) controls synaptic transmission in organisms from to human and is hypothesized to be relevant to the cause of human disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PHP are just emerging and direct disease associations remain obscure. In a forward genetic screen for mutations that block PHP we identified (Multiple C2 Domain Proteins with Two Transmembrane Regions).

RIM-binding protein links synaptic homeostasis to the stabilization and replenishment of high release probability vesicles.

Here we define activities of RIM-binding protein (RBP) that are essential for baseline neurotransmission and presynaptic homeostatic plasticity. At baseline, rbp mutants have a ∼10-fold decrease in the apparent Ca(2+) sensitivity of release that we attribute to (1) impaired presynaptic Ca(2+) influx, (2) looser coupling of vesicles to Ca(2+) influx, and (3) limited access to the readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP). During homeostatic plasticity, RBP is necessary for the potentiation of Ca(2+) influx and the expansion of the RRP.

Munc18-1 is a dynamically regulated PKC target during short-term enhancement of transmitter release.

Transmitter release at synapses is regulated by preceding neuronal activity, which can give rise to short-term enhancement of release like post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). Diacylglycerol (DAG) and Protein-kinase C (PKC) signaling in the nerve terminal have been widely implicated in the short-term modulation of transmitter release, but the target protein of PKC phosphorylation during short-term enhancement has remained unknown. Here, we use a gene-replacement strategy at the calyx of Held, a large CNS model synapse that expresses robust PTP, to study the molecular mechanisms of PTP.

Influence of powdered dentin on the shear bond strength of dentin bonding systems.

This study evaluated the effect of different amounts of dentin powder (DP) mixed in Clearfil SE Bond (CSB) or Single Bond (SB) on adhesion to dentin. Human third molars (n=96) were sectioned to expose the mid-coronal dentin and divided into eight experimental groups (n=12 per group), namely, Group 1: CSB, Group 2: CSB+1.5 mg DP, Group 3: CSB+3 mg DP, Group 4: CSB+4.

Nigrostriatal overabundance of α-synuclein leads to decreased vesicle density and deficits in dopamine release that correlate with reduced motor activity.

α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic protein present at most nerve terminals, but its function remains largely unknown. The familial forms of Parkinson's disease associated with multiplications of the α-syn gene locus indicate that overabundance of this protein might have a detrimental effect on dopaminergic transmission. To investigate this hypothesis, we use adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to overexpress human α-syn in the rat substantia nigra.

Evaluation of three instrumentation techniques at the precision of apical stop and apical sealing of obturation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of two NiTi rotary apical preparation techniques used with an electronic apex locator-integrated endodontic motor and a manual technique to create an apical stop at a predetermined level (0.5 mm short of the apical foramen) in teeth with disrupted apical constriction, and to evaluate microleakage following obturation in such prepared teeth.

Material And Methods: 85 intact human mandibular permanent incisors with single root canal were accessed and the apical constriction was disrupted using a #25 K-file.

Second mesiobuccal canal detection in maxillary first molars using microscopy and ultrasonics.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of operating microscope in combination with ultrasonics increased the rate of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal detection in permanent maxillary first molar teeth. A hundred extracted human maxillary first molars were assessed. After location of the main canals, the MB2 canal was sought in all teeth first without microscopy, then with the aid of the operating microscope and finally with the combined use of the operating microscope and ultrasonics.

Fracture resistance of roots obturated with three different materials.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of roots obturated with different materials.

Study Design: Sixty root canals were instrumented and divided into 4 equal groups (n = 15 each). The root canals in group 1 were filled with AH26 sealer and gutta-percha, in group 2 with Resilon and Epiphany, and in group 3 with Ketac-Endo Aplicap and gutta-percha.