PSMA-Avid Liver Metastasis in a Case of Prostate Carcinoma and Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Although PSMA-targeted PET imaging is predominantly used for prostate carcinoma (PC), it has also been reported for thyroid carcinoma (TC). A 77-year-old man had a liver metastasectomy for poorly differentiated TC, which had elevated 18 F-FDG uptake. Two years later, he was diagnosed with acinar-type modified Gleason score of 7 (3 + 4) PC.

Hybrid PET/MRI with Flutemetamol and FDG in Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Continuum.

Aims: We aimed to investigate the interaction between β -amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral structural changes in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical continuum.

Background: Utility of positron emission tomography (PET) / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hybrid imaging for diagnostic categorization of the AD clinical continuum including subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) has not been fully crystallized.

Objective: To evaluate the interaction between Aβ accumulation and cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral structural changes such as cortex thickness or cerebral white matter disease burden and to detect the discriminative yields of these imaging modalities in the AD clinical continuum.

Clinical factors associated with autologous stem cell transplantation outcomes in multiple myeloma: upfront transplant with MEL200 remains the standard of care.

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the mainstay of the treatment in newly diagnosed transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This retrospective study was performed to investigate the potential prognostic markers which may modify transplant course in a total of 256 ASCT recipients [median age: 58 (30-74) years; male/female: 138/118], including pretransplant (PET) and day + 60 (PET) PET/CT assessments and comparative analysis of melphalan (Mel) dose. Better responses with significantly higher complete response/very good partial response rates were achieved in patients who proceeded to transplant within 301 days from diagnosis (p < 0.

Relationship Between Metabolic Activity, Cellularity, Histopathological Features of Primary Tumors and Distant Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the types of distant metastatic spread, histopathological features, and imaging features of primary tumor on positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) for primary staging in newly diagnosed breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients.

Methods: Data from 289 female patients were retrospectively evaluated. Maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of primary tumors were obtained from PET/MRI.

Quantitative and visual analyses of the effect of activity reduction on image metrics and quality in 18F-FDG PET/MRI in pediatric oncology.

Background: : The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of reduced injected tracer activities on the quantitative image metrics and the visual image quality in whole-body 18F-FDG PET/MRI with TOF capability in pediatric oncology.

Methods: Seventy-seven PET/MRI examinations of 54 patients were analyzed (standard injected activity: 1.9 MBq/kg, standard PET scan duration: 5 min per bed position).

What is New in Nuclear Medicine Imaging for Dementia.

Advances in the molecular biology, pathology and genetics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other degenerative dementias have led to the development of biomarkers specific to these diseases and radiotracers that are used in nuclear medicine. Imaging and non-imaging markers have enabled very early recognition of these diseases and have caused significant changes in their definitions. Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and tau PET, which are molecular imaging methods, [F18]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET showing the glucose metabolism pattern in the brain, dopamine transporter single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) that marks dopaminergic terminals are valuable tools for early recognition and differentiation of AD and its atypical variants, frontotemporal dementias and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Cerebral vasomotor reactivity across the continuum of subjective cognitive impairment, amnestic mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer's dementia: A transcranial Doppler and PET/MRI study.

Cerebrovascular dysfunction has been suggested as a physiomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated neuronal degeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are still debated. Herein cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR, breath-hold index: BHI), metabolic activity (lobar SUVs, FDG PET MRI), amyloid load (Centiloid score, Flutemetamol PET MRI), hemispheric cortical thickness, white matter lesion load and cerebral blood flow (ASL) were studied in 43 consecutive subjects (mean age: 64 years, female 13), diagnosed with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, n = 10), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 15), and probable Alzheimer's dementia (AD, n = 18). BHI was significantly reduced in AD and aMCI patients compared to SCI subjects.

Prognostic value of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography derived metabolic parameters and textural features in pediatric sarcoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of PET-derived metabolic features and textural parameters of primary tumors in pediatric sarcoma patients.

Methods: The imaging findings of 43 patients (14 girls and 29 boys; age 11.4 ± 4.

Diagnostic utility of serum biomarkers in large vessel vasculitis and their correlation with positron emission tomography.

Objectives: To investigate the association between vascular inflammation, as detected by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and interleukin-6 (IL-6), pentraxin3, and B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) in subjects with LVV.

Methods: The study included newly diagnosed giant cell arteritis (GCA, n = 27) or Takayasu arteritis (n = 9) patients and healthy control (HC, n = 31) subjects. PET scan and blood samples were obtained before the introduction of treatments.

Texture features of primary tumor on F-FDG PET images in non-small cell lung cancer: The relationship between imaging and histopathological parameters.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationships between textural features of the primary tumor on FDG PET images and clinical-histopathological parameters which are useful in predicting prognosis in newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: PET/CT images of ninety (90) patients with NSCLC prior to surgery were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had resectable tumors.

The role of histopathological and biochemical parameters for predicting metastatic disease on Ga-PSMA-11 PET in prostate cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of histopathological and biochemical parameters in the prediction of the presence and number of PSMA positive lesions consistent with the metastatic spread of prostate cancer on Ga-PSMA PET images.

Methods: Biochemical, histopathological and imaging data of 302 prostate cancer patients who underwent Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT or PET/MR imaging for primary staging were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups as "PET positive" and "PET negative" according to the presence of pathologic extraprostatic PSMA involvement.

Diagnostic accuracy of Ga-PSMA PET/MRI and multiparametric MRI in detecting index tumours in radical prostatectomy specimen.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the gallium ( Ga) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) by region-based comparison of index tumour localisations using histopathological tumour maps of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy because of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: The study included 64 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy after primary staging with mpMRI and Ga-PSMA PET/MRI. Diagnostic analysis was performed by dividing the prostate into four anatomic regions as left/right anterior and left/right posterior.

Dopamine transporter SPECT imaging in Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian disorders.

The dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging provides an objective tool for the assessment of dopaminergic function of presynaptic terminals which is valuable for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders related to a striatal dopaminergic deficiency from movement disorders not related a striatal dopaminergic deficiency. DAT imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be used to confirm or exclude a diagnosis of dopamine deficient parkinsonism in cases where the diagnosis is unclear. It can also detect the dopaminergic dysfunction in presymptomatic subjects at risk for Parkinson’s disease (PD) since the reduced radiotracer binding to DATs in striatum is already present in the prodromal stage of PD.

Utility of brain fluorodeoxyglucose PET in children with possible autoimmune encephalitis.

Purpose: We aimed to explore the utility and additional clinical contribution of brain fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging for the assessment of children with possible autoimmune encephalitis in comparison to brain MRI.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of six pediatric patients (all seronegative) between 2014 and 2019 with the initial diagnosis of possible autoimmune encephalitis who had brain FDG PET/CT or PET/MRI and brain MRI during the diagnostic period. Diagnosis of possible autoimmune encephalitis was based on clinical consensus criteria defined by Graus et al.

Diagnostic Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for the Evaluation of Patients With Inflammation of Unknown Origin.

Background: Sometimes, the underlying causes of inflammation cannot be established despite meticulous investigation, including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and radiologic procedures. Rheumatologists are often faced with patients whose condition is known as inflammation of unknown origin (IUO). Differential diagnosis of IUO is diverse, and investigation of these cases is challenging and time-consuming.

Evaluation of brain FDG PET images in temporal lobe epilepsy for lateralization of epileptogenic focus using data mining methods.

Background/aim: In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), brain positron emission tomography (PET) performed with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is commonly used for lateralization of the epileptogenic temporal lobe. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the success of quantitative analysis of brain FDG PET images using data mining methods in the lateralization of the epileptogenic temporal lobe.

Materials And Methods: Presurgical interictal brain FDG PET images of 49 adult mesial TLE patients with a minimum of 2 years of postsurgical follow-up and Engel I outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.

Comparison of FDG PET/MRI and FDG PET/CT in Pediatric Oncology in Terms of Anatomic Correlation of FDG-positive Lesions.

The aims of our study were to compare F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and PET/computed tomography (CT) in pediatric oncology patients in terms of anatomic correlation of FDG-positive lesions, and also to compare diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with PET to assess the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and standardized uptake value (SUV). Sequential PET/CT and PET/MRI images and/or whole-body DWI and ADC mapping in 34 pediatric patients were retrospectively analyzed. FDG-positive lesions were visually scored for CT, T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and DWI images separately in terms of anatomic correlation of FDG-avid lesions.

Guided intraoperative scintigraphic tumor targeting of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a single-center report.

Objective: Our aim was to present our experiences related to performing neck surgery using the guided intraoperative scintigraphic tumor targeting (GOSTT) procedure for patients who had locally recurrent or persistent differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and who had undergone previous thyroid surgery.

Subjects And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 11 patients who had locally recurrent or persistent DTC, who had undergone previous surgery, and for whom reoperation was planned for metastatic cervical lymph nodes (LNs). We performed the neck surgery using the GOSTT procedure on all patients and at a single academic institution.

[I]FP-CIT ENC-DAT normal database: the impact of the reconstruction and quantification methods.

Background: [I]FP-CIT is a well-established radiotracer for the diagnosis of dopaminergic degenerative disorders. The European Normal Control Database of DaTSCAN (ENC-DAT) of healthy controls has provided age and gender-specific reference values for the [I]FP-CIT specific binding ratio (SBR) under optimised protocols for image acquisition and processing. Simpler reconstruction methods, however, are in use in many hospitals, often without implementation of attenuation and scatter corrections.

F-FDG uptake in focal organising pneumonia mimicking bronchial carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Organising pneumonia (OP) is not a well-known cause of increased F-FDG uptake, and the relationship of the increased F-FDG uptake to clinical parameters has not been clearly identified. This study aims to assess the role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for the diagnosis of focal organised pneumonia that may mimic malignity because of mass-like lesions on the radiological images it causes.

Methods: Among 40 patients of whom histopathological exams were consistent with OP, medical records of 14 focal OP patients diagnosed with surgical biopsy were evaluated retrospectively.

Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Pediatric Neurology.

Nuclear medicine imaging can provide important complementary information in the management of pediatric patients with neurological diseases. Pre-surgical localization of the epileptogenic focus in medically refractory epilepsy patients is the most common indication for nuclear medicine imaging in pediatric neurology. In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, nuclear medicine imaging is particularly useful when magnetic resonance imaging findings are normal or its findings are discordant with electroencephalogram findings.

Total lesion glycolysis by 18F-FDG PET/CT is independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background And Aims: To determine whether the primary tumor SUVmax and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) measured on F-FDG PET/CT have prognostic significance in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A retrospective review identified 142 patients NSCLC who underwent F-FDG PET/CT at the time of diagnosis. The affect of the SUVmax and TLG of the primary tumor on survival were examined.

Association between survival and maximum standardized uptake value of liver metastases detected by 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin.

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate the association between survival and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of liver metastases detected by pre-treatment positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin (ACUP).

Methods: A total of 58 patients with ACUP and liver metastases confirmed histopathologically by liver biopsy and pre-treatment PET-CT were included in this study. SUVmax values of the liver lesions were measured and their association with survival was investigated.

Association of central serotonin transporter availability and body mass index in healthy Europeans.

Unlabelled: Serotonin-mediated mechanisms, in particular via the serotonin transporter (SERT), are thought to have an effect on food intake and play an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity. However, imaging studies that examined the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and SERT are sparse and provided contradictory results. The aim of this study was to further test the association between SERT and BMI in a large cohort of healthy subjects.