Surface-modified CMOS biosensors.

Biosensors translate biological events into electronic signals that quantify biological processes. They are increasingly used in diagnostics applications that leverage their ability to process small sample volumes. One recent trend has been to integrate biosensors with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips to provide enhanced miniaturization, parallel sensing, and low power consumption at a low cost.

Machine Learning Identification and Classification of Mitosis and Migration of Cancer Cells in a Lab-on-CMOS Capacitance Sensing platform.

Cell culture assays play a vital role in various fields of biology. Conventional assay techniques like immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry offer valuable insights into cell phenotype and behavior. However, each of these techniques requires labeling or staining, and this is a major drawback, specifically in applications that require compact and integrated analytical devices.

Biotechnological approaches for the production of camptothecin.

Camptothecin (CPT), an indole alkaloid popular for its anticancer property, is considered the third most promising drug after taxol and famous alkaloids from Vinca for the treatment of cancer in humans. Camptothecin was first identified in Camptotheca acuminata followed by several other plant species and endophytic fungi. Increased harvesting driven by rising global demand is depleting the availability of elite plant genotypes, such as Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes nimmoniana, crucial for producing alkaloids used in treating diseases like cancer.

RESIDUAL GASTRIC VOLUME IN MORBIDLY OBESE DIABETICS AFTER AN OVERNIGHT FASTING OR 3 HOURS OF A CARBOHYDRATE-ENRICHED SUPPLEMENT: A RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER PILOT STUDY.

Background: To reduce the risk of regurgitation during anesthesia for elective procedures, residual gastric volumes (RGV) have traditionally been minimized by overnight fasting. Prolonged preoperative fasting presents some adverse consequences and has been abandoned for most surgical procedures, except for obese and/or diabetic patients.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the RGV in morbidly obese diabetic patients after traditional or abbreviated fasting.

Potential use of fly ash in structural fill application: a review.

Globally, over the years, fly ash (FA) has been successfully used in structural fills as a substitute for conventional infill material. As per the global industry trends and forecast report, the utilization rate of FA in 2021 was 74% in China, 65% in India, and 70% in the United States (US). Despite substantial research being done on the usage of FA as a substitute all over the world, only up to 15% by mass of total produce has been utilized as a replacement for infill soils.

Review on impacts of micro- and nano-plastic on aquatic ecosystems and mitigation strategies.

The rapid proliferation of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in our environment presents a formidable hazard to both biotic and abiotic components. These pollutants originate from various sources, including commercial production and the breakdown of larger plastic particles. Widespread contamination of the human body, agroecosystems, and animals occurs through ingestion, entry into the food chain, and inhalation.

Predictive Factors of BK Virus Development in Kidney Transplant Recipients and the Effect of Low-Dose Tacrolimus Plus Everolimus on Clinical Outcomes.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of BK virus viremia/nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients and to evaluate the effects of low-dose tacrolimus plus everolimus.

Materials And Methods: This study included 3654 kidney transplant recipients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 were BK virus negative (n = 3525, 96.

Measuring and modeling macrophage proliferation in a lab-on-CMOS capacitance sensing microsystem.

We report on the use of a lab-on-CMOS biosensor platform for quantitatively tracking the proliferation of RAW 264.7 murine Balb/c macrophages. We show that macrophage proliferation correlates linearly with an average capacitance growth factor resulting from capacitance measurements at a plurality of electrodes dispersed in a sensing area of interest.

Measuring and Modeling Macrophage Growth using a Lab-on-CMOS Capacitance Sensing Microsystem.

We report on the use of a lab-on-CMOS biosensor platform for quantitatively tracking the growth of RAW 264.7 murine Balb/c macrophages. We show that macrophage growth over a wide sensing area correlates linearly with an average capacitance growth factor resulting from capacitance measurements at a plurality of electrodes dispersed in the sensing area.

Prognosis and Treatment for Active and Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients; Single Center Experience.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment alternatives of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in renal transplant patients.

Methods: Three thousand renal transplant patients were included in the study. The patients were first divided into 2 groups.

Comparison of tomographic kidney volumes measured by semiautomatic segmentation method with scintigraphic split renal function in predicting posttransplant kidney functions.

Introduction: In this study, it was aimed to compare scintigraphic split renal function (SRF) and computed tomographic (CT) kidney volumes by semiautomatic segmentation method in predicting graft functions after kidney transplantation.

Methods: One hundred and twelve patients (77 males, 35 females) who had a living-donor kidney transplant between 2015 and 2017 in our centre were included in the study. While SRF was calculated with technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( Tc-DTPA) scintigraphy, CT angiography was used for volumetric calculations.

Bisphenol A reveals its obesogenic effects through disrupting glucose tolerance, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and modulating inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor in zebrafish.

Obesogens affect lipid metabolism, and genetic or epigenetic factors may also contribute to the progression of obesity. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are the most striking among obesogens. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic EDC used in food containers, adhesives, dye powders, and dental fillers.

Stevioside ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, in a diet-induced obese zebrafish model, through epigenetic, oxidative stress and inflammatory regulation.

Obesity is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms affect obesity-related mechanisms. Due to weight gain concern in society, artificial sweeteners with no nutritional value have been increasingly consumed. Stevia is a sweet natural glycoside and a calorie-free sweetner extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and used as a substitute for artificial sweetners.

The use of anti-interleukin-1 agents and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in renal transplant recipients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anti-interleukin-1 (anti-IL-1) agents and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors in renal transplant patients.

Patients And Methods: Between February 2014 and February 2020, data of 12 renal transplant recipients (9 males, 3 females; median age: 51 years; range, 19 to 70 years) who received anti-IL-1 agents or TNF-α inhibitors for inflammatory diseases in the post-transplant time period and were followed in a single transplant center (n=12) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 46 cases were reported in the literature, before the data were collected.

Serum Levels of S100β, Neuron-Specific Enolase, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Donors: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in serum levels of S100β, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein in living donors and recipients after kidney transplantation.

Methods: We enrolled 56 patients into the study. Of these, 27 underwent donor nephrectomy (group D), and the remaining 29 underwent kidney transplantation (recipient, group R).

Effect of post-perfusion hyperoxemia on early graft function in renal transplant recipients: a retrospective observational cohort study.

Background: The effects of hyperoxemia on the transplanted grafts arouse interest nowadays, particularly intraoperative hyperoxemia, on transplant kidney function and survival in the 1-year post-operative period.

Aims: We aimed to investigate the effect of post-perfusion (5 min after perfusion) hyperoxemia on early graft function and survival in renal transplant recipients.

Methods: Two hundred forty-seven living donor kidney transplant recipients were included in the study.

The relevance between graft preservation solutions and QTc interval during living donor kidney transplantation and rat cardiomyocytes sampling.

Background: The purpose of the retrospective study was to identify the impacts of different solutions on the electrocardiogram and cardiovascular changes. Moreover, the differences between these solutions were analyzed by examining their impacts on rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Methods: Eighty renal transplant patients were evaluated retrospectively.

Living donor kidney transplantation after desensitization in cross-match positive high sensitized patients.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the long-term results of the patients who had positive cross-match (XM) test results and underwent living donor renal transplantation after desensitization with different combinations of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis (PP), and rituximab.

Material And Methods: Forty-nine patients who were positive for complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), flow cytometric (FC), and Luminex-XM test were included in the study. Renal transplantation was performed in 16 patients who had XM (-) test after desensitization with different combinations of IVIG (n =15), PP (n =13), and rituximab (n =10).

A Single-Center Experience in Portal Flow Augmentation in Liver Transplantation With Prior Large Spontaneous Splenorenal Shunt.

Large portosystemic shunts may cause portal steal syndrome in liver transplantation (LT). Because of the possible devastating consequences of the syndrome, the authors recommend perioperative management of these large shunts. Fourteen adult recipients who underwent portal flow augmentation, including left renal vein ligation (LRVL), renoportal anastomosis (RPA), shunt ligation (SL), and splenic vein ligation (SVL) for large spontaneous splenorenal shunt (SSRS), are included in this study, and the results were analyzed.

Renoportal anastomosis in living donor liver transplantation.

Background:  In advanced cirrhotic patients, extensive mesenteric vein thrombosis extends the operative time, causes peri- and postoperative complications, and increases the mortality and morbidity in liver transplantation (LT). The anastomosis between the left renal vein and graft portal vein is one of the crucial options in such patients. However, especially in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) practice, limited cases are published in the literature.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on postoperative peritoneal inflammation and adhesions.

Introduction: Postoperative peritoneal adhesion is an important complication of abdominopelvic surgery. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on postoperative intraperitoneal inflammation and adhesions.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups.

Automated segmentation of the injured kidney due to abdominal trauma.

The objective of this study is to propose and validate a computer-aided segmentation system which performs the automated segmentation of injured kidney in the presence of contusion, peri-, intra-, sub-capsular hematoma, laceration, active extravasation and urine leak due to abdominal trauma. In the present study, total multi-phase CT scans of thirty-seven cases were used; seventeen of them for the development of the method and twenty of them for the validation of the method. The proposed algorithm contains three steps: determination of the kidney mask using Circular Hough Transform, segmentation of the renal parenchyma of the kidney applying the symmetry property to the histogram, and estimation of the kidney volume.

A New Practical Intracerebral Hematoma Volume Calculation Method and Comparison to simple ABC/2.

Aim: To find a more practical and effective formula than simple ABC/2 (sABC/2) to calculate the hematoma volume in patients with subdural and parenchymal haemorrhage.

Material And Methods: We reviewed the records of 157 patients who underwent brain computed tomography examinations for stroke from January to October 2017. Our method, sABC/2 formula, and the planimetric method (the gold standard) were used for measuring the volumes of hematoma.

High resolution monitoring of chemotherapeutic agent potency in cancer cells using a CMOS capacitance biosensor.

Monitoring cell viability and proliferation in real-time provides a more comprehensive picture of the changes cells undergo during their lifecycle than can be achieved using traditional end-point assays. Particularly for drug screening applications, high-temporal resolution cell viability data could inform decisions on drug application protocols that might lead to better treatment outcomes. We describe a CMOS biosensor that monitors cell viability through high-resolution capacitance measurements of cell adhesion quality.