Assessment of Changes in Vascular Density in the Layers of the Eye in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The retina is affected by Parkinson's disease (PD).

Purpose: We aimed to assess the anatomical and vascular deterioration of the retina in PD.

Methods: Sixty-six patients with PD and 66 healthy volunteers were evaluated in this study.

Headache as the sole presenting symptom of cerebral venous sinuses thrombosis: Subgroup analysis of data from the VENOST study.

Objectives: Headache is the most common complaint in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and it may sometimes be the only symptom in these patients. This retrospective and prospective study was an investigation of any differences in terms of clinical risk factors, radiological findings, or prognosis in patients with CVST who presented with isolated headache (IH) and cases with other concomitant findings (non-isolated headache [NIH]).

Methods: A total of 1144 patients from a multicenter study of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (VENOST study) were enrolled in this research.

Clarifying the relationship between sarcopenia and depression in geriatric outpatients.

Objective: We investigate the relationship between sarcopenia components and depression in geriatric outpatients, considering the effects of potential confounding factors.

Methods: Adults ≥60 years of age were selected from outpatient clinics. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength (HGS) measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer and chair stand test (CSST).

Patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis diagnosed with diverse multisystem involvement.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a lipid storage disease caused by deficiency of sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme encoded by CYP27A1 gene. This multicenter, cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to document clinical characteristics of CTX patients of different ages, clinical presentations of early-diagnosed patients, and responses to short-term chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatment. Seven of 11 CTX patients were diagnosed in childhood.

Assessment of Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage or Hemorrhagic Transformation in the VENOST Study.

Introduction: Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) may lead to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure; besides, ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions may develop. Intracerebral hemorrhages occur in approximately one-third of CVST patients. We assessed and compared the findings of the cerebral hemorrhage (CH) group and the CVST group.

Epileptic seizures in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Subgroup analysis of VENOST study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence and prognostic impact of early seizures in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis patients (CVST).

Method: VENOST is a retrospective and prospective national multicenter observational study. CVST patients with or without epileptic seizures (ES) were analyzed and compared in terms of demographic and imaging data, causative factors, clinical variables, and prognosis in a total of 1126 patients.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of peripheral inflammation in progressive supranuclear palsy: a retrospective study.

Background And Purpose: To evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels in the peripheral blood of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and to compare them with levels in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with probable PSP, 42 with PD, and 40 age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and duration of disease, comorbid systemic disease, and smoking status were recorded.

Multicenter study of levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel in Parkinson’s disease: the Turkish experience.

Background/aim: Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) in a series of Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: We had telephone calls with 54 patients from 11 neurology centers who were on LCIG treatment, and 44 patients or their caregivers were included in an eight-item survey between September 2015 and June 2016. The reliability and validity of the survey were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients for every question separately.

Randomized, controlled trial of fesoterodine fumarate for overactive bladder in Parkinson's disease.

Aims: To evaluate short-term efficacy and safety of fesoterodine fumarate in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.

Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. It also has an open-label extension phase.

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Rare Complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Subgroup Analysis of the VENOST Study.

Aim: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an unusual risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). As few CVST patients with SLE have been reported, little is known regarding its frequency as an underlying etiology, clinical characteristics, or long-term outcome. We evaluated a large cohort of CVST patients with SLE in a multicenter study of cerebral venous thrombosis, the VENOST study, and their clinical characteristics.

Behçet's disease as a causative factor of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: subgroup analysis of data from the VENOST study.

Objective: This study was performed to determine the rate of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) among cases of Behçet's disease (BD) included in a multicentre study of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (VENOST).

Methods: VENOST was a retrospective and prospective national multicentre observational study that included 1144 patients with CVST. The patients were classified according to aetiologic factors, time of CVST symptom onset, sinus involvement, treatment approach and prognosis.

FPL tendon thickness, tremor and hand functions in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: In Parkinson's disease (PD), a resting tremor of the thumb may affect the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and influence hand functions. We investigated the relationship between FPL tendon thickness and hand function in PD patients and compared these characteristics with those in healthy controls.

Methods: The hand grip and pinch strengths were measured.

Optic nerve head, retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness analysis in restless legs syndrome.

Purpose: The human retina contains dopaminergic neurons within the inner retinal layer. Several studies demonstrated dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Hypothetically, restless legs syndrome (RLS) may have an underlying dopaminergic mechanism and a probable relation to PD is assumed.

Stereological Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Volume in Alzheimer Disease.

Optic nerve damage occurs in Alzheimer disease (AD) related to the loss of the retinal ganglion cells that contribute fibers to the optic nerve and reduction of the density of axons of the optic nerve. In this study the authors evaluated optic nerve volume changes and the relation between the cerebrum and optic nerve volumes in AD patients. The study evaluated the volumetric measurements of optic nerve by applying the stereological method on magnetic resonance images (MRI).

Could Toxoplasma gondii have any role in Alzheimer disease?

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD), a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has a mainly unknown multifactorial etiology. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms might contribute to the cascade of events leading to neuronal degeneration. Central nervous system infections have been previously suggested as possible etiological agents in the development of sporadic AD.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of shoulders in Parkinson's disease.

The aim of this study is to evaluate shoulder disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is the best tool in the demonstration of complex shoulder pathologies; and to determine probable relations between shoulder pathologies and PD clinical features. Twenty-eight PD patients with a total of 56 shoulders were used as the study group while 13 age-matched cases with 26 shoulders were used as the control group (CG) in the study. Both patients with PD and the CG underwent shoulder MRI.

Evaluation of cerebellar and cerebral volume in migraine with aura: a stereological study.

Migraine is associated with an increased risk of deep white matter lesions and subclinical posterior circulation infarcts. A significant association between deep white matter hyperintensities and cerebral atrophy is true for various neurological diseases; it was not specifically proven in migraine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebellar and cerebral volume and volume ratios for cerebellum using the Cavalieri principle.

The probable relation between Toxoplasma gondii and Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has a mainly unknown multifactorial etiology. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms might contribute to the cascade of events leading to neuronal degeneration. Toxoplasmosis can be associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders.

Evaluation of cerebellar asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease: a stereological study.

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and, as previous studies have indicated, degenerative changes in the cerebellum occur in AD. It is well known that the cerebellum does not have a symmetric morphology and some pathological disorders, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism and alcoholism, can cause asymmetrical changes in the cerebellum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether or not patients with AD show cerebellar asymmetry.

Conjunctival flora in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Purpose: To identify the conjunctival flora in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and compare it with the conjunctival flora of healthy subjects.

Methods: One hundred six eyes of 106 patients with PD and 102 eyes of 102 age-matched healthy subjects were included in the study. All subjects had a detailed anterior segment examination, including eye blink rate and conjunctival cultures.

Stereological evaluation of the volume and volume fraction of intracranial structures in magnetic resonance images of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

In this study, we describe and adapt the relevant methods of magnetic resonance (MR) and stereology to estimate total brain volume (TBV), cerebral and cerebellar volume and their volume fractions within the brain. The study included 15 (8 males, 7 females) controls and 15 (8 males, 7 females) patients with Alzheimer's disease. The patients' MR images were obtained in both sagittal and axial planes.