A novel duplication involving in a Turkish family supports its role in North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD/MCDR1).

Purpose: To clinically and molecularly investigate a new family with North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD) from Turkey, a previously unreported geographic origin for this phenotype.

Methods: Clinical ophthalmic examinations, including fundus imaging and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), were performed on eight members of a two-generation non-consanguineous family from southern Turkey. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on two affected subjects, followed by variant filtering and copy number variant (CNV) analysis.

Phenotypic expansion illuminates multilocus pathogenic variation.

Purpose: Multilocus variation-pathogenic variants in two or more disease genes-can potentially explain the underlying genetic basis for apparent phenotypic expansion in cases for which the observed clinical features extend beyond those reported in association with a "known" disease gene.

Methods: Analyses focused on 106 patients, 19 for whom apparent phenotypic expansion was previously attributed to variation at known disease genes. We performed a retrospective computational reanalysis of whole-exome sequencing data using stringent Variant Call File filtering criteria to determine whether molecular diagnoses involving additional disease loci might explain the observed expanded phenotypes.

Detection of α-Thalassemia by Using Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification as an Additional Method for Rare Mutations in Southern Turkey.

α-thalassemia is the most common single gene disorder in the Cukurova Region in Turkey. It is therefore routinely screened, including premaritally, in our region. The heterogeneous molecular basis of the disease makes α-thalassemia mutation detection difficult and complex.

Mutations in CDC45, Encoding an Essential Component of the Pre-initiation Complex, Cause Meier-Gorlin Syndrome and Craniosynostosis.

DNA replication precisely duplicates the genome to ensure stable inheritance of genetic information. Impaired licensing of origins of replication during the G1 phase of the cell cycle has been implicated in Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGS), a disorder defined by the triad of short stature, microtia, and a/hypoplastic patellae. Biallelic partial loss-of-function mutations in multiple components of the pre-replication complex (preRC; ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, CDT1, or CDC6) as well as de novo stabilizing mutations in the licensing inhibitor, GMNN, cause MGS.

Molecular etiology of arthrogryposis in multiple families of mostly Turkish origin.

Background: Arthrogryposis, defined as congenital joint contractures in 2 or more body areas, is a clinical sign rather than a specific disease diagnosis. To date, more than 400 different disorders have been described that present with arthrogryposis, and variants of more than 220 genes have been associated with these disorders; however, the underlying molecular etiology remains unknown in the considerable majority of these cases.

Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of 52 patients with clinical presentation of arthrogryposis from 48 different families.

Genes that Affect Brain Structure and Function Identified by Rare Variant Analyses of Mendelian Neurologic Disease.

Development of the human nervous system involves complex interactions among fundamental cellular processes and requires a multitude of genes, many of which remain to be associated with human disease. We applied whole exome sequencing to 128 mostly consanguineous families with neurogenetic disorders that often included brain malformations. Rare variant analyses for both single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variant (CNV) alleles allowed for identification of 45 novel variants in 43 known disease genes, 41 candidate genes, and CNVs in 10 families, with an overall potential molecular cause identified in >85% of families studied.

The Prevalence of Gap Junction Protein Beta 2 (GJB2) Mutations in Non Syndromic Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Çukurova Region.

Objective: To date, studies in all populations showed that mutations in the gene of Gap junction protein beta 2 (GJB2) play an important role in non-syndromic autosomal recessive congenital hearing loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate GJB2 gene of patients with hearing loss in our region using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing method and to demonstrate region-specific mutation and polymorphism distribution.

Materials And Methods: Patients who had bilateral severe sensorineural non-syndromic hearing loss identified by audiologic evaluation were included.

Rare variants in the notch signaling pathway describe a novel type of autosomal recessive Klippel-Feil syndrome.

Klippel-Feil syndrome is a rare disorder represented by a subgroup of segmentation defects of the vertebrae and characterized by fusion of the cervical vertebrae, low posterior hairline, and short neck with limited motion. Both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns were reported in families with Klippel-Feil. Mutated genes for both dominant (GDF6 and GDF3) and recessive (MEOX1) forms of Klippel-Feil syndrome have been shown to be involved in somite development via transcription regulation and signaling pathways.

Alpha-thalassemia mutations in adana province, southern Turkey: genotype-phenotype correlation.

To look over the distribution of the mutations in a large series from Adana province, Southern Turkey, and determine the genotype-phenotype correlation of the frequent mutations. Among the 2500 individuals with mild or moderate anemia, microcytosis, and normal iron levels that were referred to our Genetic Diagnosis Center, a population consisting of 539 individuals were included in the study and tested for alpha-thalassemia mutations by using reverse dot blot hybridization technique. Twelve different mutations were detected in 539 patients.

Global transcriptional disturbances underlie Cornelia de Lange syndrome and related phenotypes.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that presents with extensive phenotypic variability, including facial dysmorphism, developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), abnormal extremities, and hirsutism. About 65% of patients harbor mutations in genes that encode subunits or regulators of the cohesin complex, including NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8. Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS), which shares CdLS phenotypic features, is caused by mutations in lysine-specific methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A).

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 5G/5G genotype is associated with early spontaneous recanalization of the infarct-related artery in patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: We aimed to examine the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genetic polymorphism and early spontaneous recanalization in patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods: Patients admitted to our emergency department with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the first 6 h of symptom onset were included. An immediate primary percutaneous coronary intervention was performed.

Hypomyelination and congenital cataract: identification of novel mutations in two unrelated families.

Background: Hypomyelination and congenital cataract (HCC) is a rare autosomal recessive white matter disorder characterized by congenital cataract, progressive neurologic impairment, and myelin deficiency in the central and peripheral nervous system, caused by mutations in the FAM126A gene.

Aims: To report three patients of two unrelated families segregating novel mutations.

Methods: clinical, neurophysiological, neuroradiologic and molecular investigations were carried out.

Nonsense β-thalassemia mutation at codon 37 (TGG>TGA), detected for the first time in three Turkish cases.

Thalassemias are genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with reduced or absent production of globin. β-Thalassemia major can be caused by homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for β-globin gene mutation. Here we report, for the first time in Turkey, three cases who carry the nonsense β-thalassemia (β-thal) mutation at codon 37 (TGG>TGA; Trp→Stop) causing premature stop codon.

Multiple chromosome abnormalities in the pleural fluid of a patient with recurrent Ewing sarcoma.

The authors report a 5.5-year-old male patient with a right paraspinal tumor, diagnosed as metastatic Ewing sarcoma. The pleural fluid along with the bone marrow was sent to the authors' laboratory for karyotyping.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization studies in multiple myeloma.

Conventional cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results of bone marrow samples of 36 multiple myeloma (MM) patients at the time of diagnosis have been evaluated. Three probes for chromosome 13q (RB1, D13S319, D13S25), one for 14q32 (IgH) and one for 17p13 (p53) have been used for hybridization with fixed cells. Twenty patients (55.

Chromosome heteromorphisms: an impact on infertility.

Introduction: Cytogenetic heteromorphisms are described as heritable variations at specific chromosomal regions without a proven impact on phenotype.

Materials And Methods: We compared the presence of chromosome heteromorphisms in the karyotypes of two patient groups. The first group of patients consisted of 276 individuals of 138 infertile couples.