Exploring the Effect of Single-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Attention, Verbal Fluency, and Working Memory in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia.

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applies low-intensity currents to the brain, resulting in short-term neurocognitive effects and long-term neuroplasticity enhancement. Limited research reported on the impact of tDCS on cognitive functions in dementia due to AD.

Modified Dead-Alive Test for the assessment of semantic and episodic memory performance of older patients with neurocognitive disorder.

The aim of this study is to provide a test that allows for evaluation of both semantic memory (SM) and episodic memory (EM). The study sought to examine psychometric characteristics of the Modified Dead-Alive Test (M-DAT) in patients with neurocognitive disorders and the healthy elderly (HE). The M-DAT consists of 45 names of celebrities who have died in the remote past (15), died in the last five years (15), and are still alive (15), and participants are asked whether they are alive or dead.

Determination of miR-373 and miR-204 levels in neuronal exosomes in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been known to be involved in the etiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, AD and diabetes mellitus have common pathomechanisms. It has been shown that P2X7R whose expression is increased in brain tissues with AD and plays a role in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is suppressed by miR-373 in patients with osteoarthritis.

Transcranial sonography imaging of brainstem raphe, substantia nigra and cerebral ventricles in patients with geriatric depression.

Objectives: Geriatric depression is a special condition associated with a chronic course, treatment resistance and vascular processes. However, its neurobiology has not been fully elucidated. There is no study in geriatric depression evaluating deep brain structures with transcranial sonography (TCS) which is a low-cost, non-invasive and practical tool.

[Endogenous and Exogenous Attention in Alzheimer Type of Dementia: Effect of Target Position].

Objective: Endogenous attention (EnA) is an ability in goal-driven processes, controlled by top-down mechanisms and exogenous attention (ExA) is an ability in stimulus-driven processes, controlled by bottomup mechanisms. In the present research, it was aimed to investigate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) the EnA and ExA processes in relation to target position (right/left) by using the Spatial Cueing Paradigm (SCP).

Method: The study was conducted with the participants of 65-90 year age range, consisting of 14 female and 14 male (n=28) participants diagnosed with AD and 12 female and 12 male (n=24) healthy volunteers as controls.

Genotype and Allele Frequency of in Turkish Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

Objectives: Genetic polymorphisms may help for individualized drug dosing and improved therapeutics. CYP3A4 is responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% of the commonly used drugs and metabolizes typical antipsychotic medications and antidepressant drugs. The objective of the study was to assess the genotype and allele frequencies of in Turkish patients with major depressive disorder receiving any SSRIs and to compare these results with the frequencies of other ethnic groups.

Factors contributing to higher caregiving burden in Turkish mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the caregiver burden and related factors such as expressed emotion (EE), social support, life satisfaction, dyadic adjustment, post-traumatic growth, and socio-demographic characteristics of mothers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children.

Methods: Sixty-two mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and 60 mothers of typically developing children completed the Zarit Burden Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Expressed Emotion Scale, and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. The Autism Behavior Checklist was used to examine the severity of autistic behaviors.

Clinical characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder: older vs. young adults.

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders in older people. Although GAD in older adults seems to differ in many aspects like clinical presentation, severity and treatment response, there is a paucity of comparative research.

Aims: The aim of the study is to compare the clinical presentation of GAD between older and young adults.

Frontal activity during a verbal emotional working memory task in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Emotional working memory (EWM) is suggested as a working memory (WM) type, distinguished to process emotional stimuli, and may or may not be spared in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim was to compare patients with AD and healthy older adults (HC) on verbal EWM performance and accompanying prefrontal cortex activity. Twenty AD patients along with 20 HC individuals are required to complete an emotional one-back task in three conditions (neutral, positive and negative word lists).

Hyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) suffer not only from inability to focus but also from inability to shift attention for events that trigger their interests. This phenomenon is called "hyperfocusing". Previous literature about hyperfocusing is scarce and relies mainly on case reports.

[Hoarding Behavıour in Three Different Types of Dementia Cases].

Introduction: Hoarding behaviour, which is generally defined as collecting and keeping unnecessary, cheap objects or things that can not be used, is more common in elderly than young people. The prevelance of hoarding behaviour in dementia was reported as 22%. In this paper, three different types of dementia cases are presented in order to emphasize the clinical awareness for hoarding disorder, which is common in the elderly, especially those with dementia.

[The Relationship of Verbal Working Memory and Theory of Mind in First Degree Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder].

Objective: We aimed to compare Theory of Mind (ToM) functions and investigate the relationship between ToM functions and verbal working memory (VWM) in first degree relatives of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients.

Method: The sample consisted of first degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (n=22), schizophrenia (n=28), and age, gender, education and total IQ matched healthy volunteers (n=27) without a family history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We administered Auditory Consonants Test (ACT) to evaluate VWM, first and second order false belief tests (ToM-1, ToM-2), Faux Pas Test (FPT), Hinting Test (HT) to evaluate different domains of ToM functions.

[Discrepancy Between Subjective Memory Complaints and Objective Memory Deficits in Elderly Patients with Depression Compared to Mild Cognitive Impairment].

Objective: Since depression in the elderly usually presents with memory complaints and may impair memory functions, differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment is quite difficult. This study aimed to investigate the discrepancy between subjective memory complaints (SMC) and objective memory deficits in elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Method: The study sample consisted of 30 elderly patients with a diagnosis of MCI (according to Petersen- Mayo criteria) and 29 with a diagnosis of DSM-IV-TR MDD who were admitted to the outpatient geriatric psychiatry clinic.

Influence of CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms on sertraline metabolism in major depression patients.

Background: Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 may cause variability in the metabolism of sertraline, a widely used antidepressant in major depressive disorder treatment.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of CYP2B6*4 (785A > G), CYP2B6*9 (516G > T), CYP2B6*6 (516G > T + 685G > A) CYP2C19*2 (685G > A), CYP2C19*17 (-3402C > T) polymorphisms on plasma concentrations of sertraline and N-desmethyl sertraline in major depression patients treated with sertraline [n = 50].

Setting: Participants were patients who admitted to an adult psychiatry outpatient unit at a university hospital.

The impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on citalopram metabolism in patients with major depressive disorder.

What Is Known And Objective: Genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzyme genes change drug pharmacokinetics and response. CYP2C19 is a clinically important enzyme that metabolizes citalopram (CIT). The objective of this study was to determine CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and to evaluate the impact of these polymorphisms on the metabolism of citalopram in a sample of the Turkish population.

Exploring the Role of Social Anhedonia in the Positive and Negative Dimensions of Schizotypy in a Non-Clinical Sample.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the role of social anhedonia, defined as the lack of ability to feel pleasure from interpersonal relationship, in a multidimensional model of schizotypy and to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Chapman's Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS) in a non-clinical sample.

Methods: Second-grade students of Ankara University Medical Faculty were recruited (n=266, Mage=20.28).

[Dimensions of Agitation Based on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory in Patients with Dementia].

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of agitation in dementia patients using the Turkish version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI-T).

Materials And Methods: The study included 100 patients diagnosed as dementia, according to the DSM-IV-TR. The CMAI-T was administered to the patients' caregivers via face-to-face interviews.

Prefrontal activity measured by functional near infrared spectroscopy during probabilistic inference in subjects with persecutory delusions.

Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is a probabilistic reasoning bias and is thought to contribute to delusion formation. Neurobiological correlates of the JTC bias are not known. We aimed to examine the rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC) activity with functional near ınfrared spectroscopy during a modified version of the Beads in a Jar Task (BIJT) in subjects with persecutory delusions (N=25).

The impact of aging and Alzheimer's disease on emotional enhancement of memory.

Emotional enhancement of memory (EEM) has been a well-known phenomenon which corresponds to the advantage of emotional stimuli to be better recalled than neutral ones. Previous studies suggest that aging favours recollection of positive items and this pattern is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emotional valence of different stimulus modalities, i.

Oral trail making task as a discriminative tool for different levels of cognitive impairment and normal aging.

The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a useful measure of executive dysfunction in elderly subjects. This study aims to investigate the discriminative validity of the oral version of the TMT (OTMT), which can be administered to subjects with visual or motor disabilities, in elderly patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; n = 30), Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 30), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 25). The WAIS-R Digit Span Backwards Subscale, written form of the Trail Making Task, the Clock Drawing Test, the AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, and the OTMT were also administered to all participants in order to examine the concurrent validity of the OTMT.

A case of frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis presenting with pathological gambling.

Background: Pathological gambling (PG), which is characterized by consistent, repetitive gambling and unsuccessful quitting attempts, is classified as an impulse control disorder. PG has also been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Case Report: A 53-year-old male visited the outpatient clinic due to excessive gambling and personality changes.

[The relationship between right hemi-space visuospatial attention disturbance and anger in antisocial individuals].

Objective: Evidence suggests that individuals with antisocial personality disorder (APD) exhibit a less asymmetric pattern than healthy controls during auditory and visuospatial attention tasks characterized by a right hemispheric advantage; however, the association between attention asymmetry and symptomatology is not clear. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between visuospatial attention in the right and left hemi-spaces, and various dimensions of anger in individuals with APD.

Materials And Methods: We compared visuospatial attention performance in the right and left hemi-spaces during a computerized Line Bisection Test (LBT) in individuals with APD (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 34).

Hemispatial neglect evaluated by visual line bisection task in schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings.

Visuospatial attentional asymmetry has been investigated by the line bisection task in patients with schizophrenia, however, those studies are in small number and the results are controversial. The present study aimed to investigate hemispatial neglect in patients with schizophrenia (n=30), their healthy siblings (n=30) and healthy individuals (n=24) by a computerized version of the line bisection task. Deviation from the midline for both hemispaces (mean bisection error-MBE) were calculated and the effects of both hand and line length were controlled.

Social anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Previous research highlights the presence of social anxiety disorder related to disfiguring diseases, although DSM-IV precludes the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder related to a medical condition. The present study investigated the frequency and severity of social anxiety disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease (n=50) and comparison subjects (n=50). Social anxiety was diagnosed in 16% of patients with Parkinson's disease and 2% of the comparison subjects.

Discriminant validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE-T).

The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) has been used as a measure of cognitive decline in different cultures. The purpose of the study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of IQCODE (IQCODE-T) and the ability of the questionnaire to distinguish between older adults with DSM-IV-TR dementia (n = 100) and healthy control participants (n = 60). In addition, the power of the IQCODE-T to distinguish between patients with depression and dementia was investigated.