Chitin and chitosan from mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) using deep eutectic solvents.

In this study, chitin was isolated from a mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) using deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride: acetic acid (CCAA), choline chloride:lactic acid (CCLA) and choline chloride:glycerol (CCG). According to the results, three DES systems were also useful for the isolation of chitin from mushrooms. The deproteinization efficiency was 84.

A review on the potential uses of deep eutectic solvents in chitin and chitosan related processes.

Ionic liquids (ILs) as well as closely related deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been the most promising discoveries in the "Green Chemistry" world in recent years as types of solvents. Deep eutectic solvents are received as potential alternatives to the conventional organic solvents with other advantages such as renewability, reusability, biodegradability, nontoxicity, large-scale availability, having very low vapour pressure, low flammability and easy in preparation. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymers in the nature that can be extracted from many aquatic and terrestrial organisms also some of the microorganisms.

Evaluation of interleukin-1β level and oxidative status in gingival crevicular fluid during rapid maxillary expansion.

Objectives: The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were determined during rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen patients (10-13 years old) were included. A modified hyrax appliance was used for the treatment.

Immunohistochemical analysis of connective tissue in patients with pelvic organ prolapse.

The uterosacral ligaments are an important part of the pelvic support system. The objective of this study was to compare the expression of collagen type I and collagen type III in the uterosacral ligament biopsies from women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The uterosacral ligament biopsies were obtained from women with POP (n = 29) and non-POP subjects (n = 35).

[Can meropenem E-test be used to estimate the presence of carbapenem resistance gene cfiA among Bacteroides fragilis strains?].

Bacteroides fragilis, which is found in normal colon flora, is the most commonly encountered pathogen in anaerobic infections and more resistant to antimicrobial agents than the other anaerobes. Limited number of antibiotics; such as carbapenems, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and nitroimidazoles are the most effective antibiotics against Bacteroides, however resistant isolates to these antimicrobials have been reported recently. Resistance against carbapenems occurs due to a metallo-beta-lactamase enzyme expressed by cfiA gene.

The incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension in southeast Turkey.

One hundred twenty patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) were delivered during 1986. The incidence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, per 1000 births, was 103 and 19, respectively. Two-thirds of eclamptics were nulliparous and three-quarters were less than 25 years of age.