Evaluation of vascular and perfusional changes in the retina and choroid of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is hyperinflammation following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which affects many organs. The retina and choroid are affected by COVID-19 through microangiopathy and thrombosis but the literature on MISC-C is limited.

Methods: Thirty children (60 eyes) with MIS-C (the study group, or SG) and 32 age-and gender-matched healthy children (64 eyes) (the control group, or CG) were included in the prospective case-control study.

Analysis of optical coherence tomography angiographic findings of prematurely born children and its relationship with macular edema of prematurity.

Purpose: To compare foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, foveal vascular density (VD), and foveal thickness in pre- and full-term children and to evaluate their relationship with cystoid macular edema (CME) in the prematurity period using spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA).

Methods: OCTA imaging was performed at 4-6 years of age in 90 eyes of 45 prematurely born children and 50 eyes of 25 term children. Subjects were divided into three groups: prematurely born with CME (group 1); prematurely born without CME (group 2); healthy, term children (group 3).

Should parents be present during screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity?

Purpose: To investigate whether parents should be present during screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by investigating the anxiety levels of parents using two different approaches.

Methods: This cross-sectional and two-center study was carried out with the parents at the time of the first ROP screening examination of their premature infants. At one center, the parents accompanied the infants during the ROP examination (Group 1), and in the other center, they did not (Group 2).

Intraocular pressure effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To compare the effect of 0.0125 mL and 0.025 mL doses of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Can IL-33 and Endocan be New Markers for Retinopathy of Prematurity?

Background: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a pathophysiologic condition of the retina due to abnormal proliferation of retinal vessels.

Objective: The study aimed too ascertain the importance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), interleukin-33 (IL-33) and endocan in the diagnosis and follow-up of ROP.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Health Science University, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between February 2017 and August 2018.

Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy Complements Non-contact Wide-field Imaging with Optos to Treat a Baby Outside ETROP Guidelines.

We report a male premature baby who was born at 24 weeks gestation weighing 600 grams. There was bilateral stage 2, zone 2 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) without plus disease at 38 weeks postmenstrual age. Ultra-wide-field Optomap images obtained 1 week later showed no change in ROP stage.

Short- and long-term effects of zinc treatment on lacrimal gland histopathology and tear functions tests in radioiodine-administered rats.

Purpose:: To investigate the short-term (1 week) and long-term (8 weeks) protective effects of zinc administration on radioiodine (RAI)-induced lacrimal gland damage of rats.

Methods:: A total of 40 rats were divided into two groups: an RAI group (n=20), which was administrated a single dose of 3 mCi of 131I and 1 mL physiologic saline for 7 days by gastric gavage, and a zinc group (n=20), which received a single dose of 3 mCi of 131I and 1 mL of physiologic saline containing zinc sulfate at a concentration of 10 mg/kg concentration for 7 days by gastric gavage. All rats underwent tear function tests before and 1 week after RAI administration.

Effect of topiramate on choroidal thickness and anterior chamber parameters in the treatment of patients with migraine.

Objective: To investigate the effects of topiramate on choroidal thickness and anterior chamber parameters using optical coherence tomography in the treatment of patients with migraine.

Methods: A total of 22 eyes of 22 adults (12 females, 10 males) diagnosed with migraine and scheduled to topiramate treatment for pain control were recruited in this prospective study. Choroidal thickness (CT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), spherical refractive equivalent (SphEq) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were recorded at baseline (prior the topiramate therapy), first and second month visits for the statistical analysis.

Low Vision Rehabilitation in Older Adults.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnosis distribution, low vision rehabilitation methods and utilization of low vision rehabilitation in partially sighted persons over 65 years old.

Materials And Methods: One hundred thirty-nine partially sighted geriatric patients aged 65 years or older were enrolled to the study between May 2012 and September 2013. Patients' age, gender and the distribution of diagnosis were recorded.

Effects of commonly used intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs on mesenchymal stem cells derived from the limbus and ciliary body.

Background: To investigate the effects of commonly used intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibodies on proliferation index and viability of mesenchymal stem cells derived from ciliary body and limbus (CB-MSC and LMSC).

Methods: CB-MSCs and LMSCs were isolated from newborn rats' eyes, and they were expanded in medium by the explant method. Intravitreally used anti-VEGF drugs, aflibercept, bevacizumab and ranibizumab were tested into the 16-well plates, respectively, at four different concentrations.

The Effect of Laser Photocoagulation on Intraocular Pressure in Premature Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of diode laser treatment on intraocular pressure (IOP) of premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Patients And Methods: The premature infants who underwent retinal laser photocoagulation therapy for ROP, and gestational age-matched, birth weight-matched, and sex-matched premature infants with ROP which recovered spontaneously without any treatment were enrolled into the study. Anterior segment examination and longitudinal IOP and central corneal thickness measurements were performed 5 times as follows: 1 day before the laser treatment (T0), and 24 hours (T1), 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), and 3 months (T4) after the laser treatment.

Intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity in infants ineligible for laser therapy.

Background/aim: To evaluate refractive and strabismic results and the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) ineligible for laser therapy.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine eyes of 20 consecutive infants with high-risk prethreshold ROP (11 infants with Zone I and 9 infants with Zone II disease) who were ineligible for laser therapy due to systemic and/or ocular conditions were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. Recurrent retinopathy was treated with laser ablation.

Growth of biometric components and development of refractive errors in premature infants with or without retinopathy of prematurity.

Background/aim: To investigate the biometric components and refractive errors in premature infants with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Materials And Methods: Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous length, and axial length were measured with an ultrasound biometer. Cycloplegic refraction was performed by streak skiascopy.

Clinical features of infants treated for severe retinopathy of prematurity: 8-yearstudy from a large tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Turkey.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to report the gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) distribution of premature babies who needed treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to assess the timing of the treatment.

Materials And Methods: The records of 9008 infants who were screened for ROP were examined and 556 infants who underwent laser therapy for ROP were reviewed. Sex, GA, BW, postnatal age, and postmenstrual (PM) age at the time of laser therapy were recorded.

Maternal Diabetes as an Independent Risk Factor for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Infants With Birth Weight of 1500 g or More.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between maternal diabetes and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or more.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Data of 78 premature infants from diabetic mothers were compared with data of 258 controls.

Determination of normal values of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in healthy premature infants-a prospective longitudinal study.

Purpose: To evaluate the longitudinal change of intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in healthy premature infants.

Methods: Premature infants born at 28 weeks' gestational age were included in this prospective, single-center longitudinal study. IOP was measured by handheld applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen Avia); CCT measurements were performed by ultrasonic pachymeter.

The effects of smoking on dry eye parameters in healthy women.

Aim: To investigate the effects of chronic smoking on dry eye parameters.

Methods: Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and tear function tests such as Schirmer's test, tear break-up-time (TBUT) test and impression cytology of 63 female chronic smokers and 40 age-matched female non-smokers were analyzed statistically.

Results: The mean OSDI scores, Schirmer test results and TBUT levels were 35.

Prostaglandin E Levels of Aqueous and Vitreous Humor in Ketorolac 0.4% and Nepafenac 0.1% Administered Healthy Rabbits.

Purpose: To compare the lowering effects of ketorolac 0.4% and nepafenac 0.1% on aqueous and vitreous humor prostaglandin E (PGE) levels in rabbits.

Comparison of intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab treatment for retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab treatment for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: 36 eyes of 20 patients with type 1 ROP who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injections between August 2011 and February 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Fifteen eyes of 8 patients received 0.

Dry eye findings worsen with anticholinergic therapy in patients with urge incontinence.

Introduction And Hypothesis: To evaluate the effects of oral anticholinergic (OAC) drugs on tear secretion in women with overactive bladder over a 3-month follow-up period.

Methods: In this prospective study, 108 women with a diagnosis of overactive bladder were evaluated. All patients were examined ophthalmologically at baseline (day 0), and after 1 month (day 30) and 3 months (day 90) of OAC treatment.

CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN INFANTS WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness in premature infants and its relationship with stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging for measuring subfoveal choroidal thickness was performed for 80 premature infants. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was defined as the distance from the hyperreflective line of the outermost retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to the innermost hyperreflective line of the choroidoscleral junction.

Successful treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis with topical fresh frozen plasma in an infant.

A 6-month-old female infant presented to our clinic with bilateral eyelid swelling, yellowish-white membranes under both lids, and mucoid ocular discharge. Her aunt had similar ocular problems that were undiagnosed. The conjunctival membranes were excised and histopathological investigation of these membranes showed ligneous conjunctivitis.

The short-term and long-term adverse ocular effects of fesoterodine fumarate.

Aim: To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of fesoterodine fumarate treatment which is used for overactive bladder (OAB) on pupil diameter (PD), intraocular pressure (IOP) and accommodation amplitude (AA).

Method: Ophthalmic examination was performed before and after receiving medication (on the 30th and 90th day) on 120 eyes of 120 women whom were planned to begin anticholinergic treatment (fesoterodine fumarate, 4 mg/day, peroral) for OAB, prospectively. The changes in PD, IOP and AA were analyzed statistically.

Anatomical and visual outcomes of ranibizumab injections in retinal pigment epithelium tears.

Purpose: To report the anatomical and visual results in patients diagnosed as having retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears after receiving ranibizumab injections.

Methods: Eyes diagnosed as having RPE tears with a minimum 6-month follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Each eye was treated with at least three doses of ranibizumab at monthly intervals.

The relationship of birth weight, gestational age, and postmenstrual age with ocular biometry parameters in premature infants.

Purpose: To analyze ocular biometry parameters and evaluate their relationship with gestational age, birth weight, and postmenstrual age in prematurely born infants.

Methods: The right eyes of 361 premature infants born before the 36th gestational week were evaluated. Birth weight, gestational week, and gender were recorded.