The neural representation of mental beliefs held by two agents.

Neuroimaging research has demonstrated that mentalizing about false beliefs held by other people recruits the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). However, earlier work was limited to a single agent that held a false belief. We investigated the effect of two agents that held similar or mixed false and/or true beliefs.

Believing androids - fMRI activation in the right temporo-parietal junction is modulated by ascribing intentions to non-human agents.

Attributing mind to interaction partners has been shown to increase the social relevance we ascribe to others' actions and to modulate the amount of attention dedicated to them. However, it remains unclear how the relationship between higher-order mind attribution and lower-level attention processes is established in the brain. In this neuroimaging study, participants saw images of an anthropomorphic robot that moved its eyes left- or rightwards to signal the appearance of an upcoming stimulus in the same (valid cue) or opposite location (invalid cue).

Athlete or athletic? Limited differential brain activation in person descriptions using nouns or adjectives.

Do differences between the syntactic categories of nouns and adjectives for describing persons translate into different patterns of brain activation? In this fMRI study, we compared reading person and object descriptions denoted by nouns or adjectives. Previous behavioral studies found that nouns, describing the more abstract construct of social categories, compared to adjectives, describing the more concrete construct of personality traits, have an impact on the inferences made about a person. Additionally, previous neuroimaging findings suggest that abstract constructs recruit a different pattern of brain activation, compared to more concrete constructs.

The overlap between false belief and spatial reorientation in the temporo-parietal junction: The role of input modality and task.

Neuroimaging research has demonstrated that the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) is activated when unexpected stimuli appear in spatial reorientation tasks as well as during thinking about the beliefs of other people triggered by verbal scenarios. While the role of potential common component processes subserved by the TPJ has been extensively studied to explain this common activation, the potential confounding role of input modality (spatial vs. verbal) has been largely ignored.

A Unique Case of Intranasal Metastasis from Occult Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs) lie, both morphologically and behaviorally, between well-differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas. Metastasis of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma to the intranasal cavity has not been reported previously in the literature.

Case Report: A 48-year-old male patient presented with massive epistaxis and nasal obstruction.

Attention modulates neuronal correlates of interhemispheric integration and global motion perception.

In early retinotopic areas of the human visual system, information from the left and right visual hemifields (VHFs) is processed contralaterally in two hemispheres. Despite this segregation, we have the perceptual experience of a unified, coherent, and uninterrupted single visual field. How exactly the visual system integrates information from the two VHFs and achieves this perceptual experience still remains largely unknown.

Nasal obstruction: comparison of radiofrequency with lateral displacement of the inferior turbinate and radiofrequency alone.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of the nasal obstruction, the main symptom of the patients who underwent radiofrequency and lateral displacement of the inferior turbinate and patients who were treated with radiofrequency alone.

Methods: The prospective randomised study was conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Balikesir University Medical School, Balikesir, Turkey, between July and December 2012. It included 60 patients, diagnosed with allergic or non-allergic chronic rhinitis with inferior turbinate hypertrophy which was refractory to medical therapy.

Development of a Hodgkin disease tumor in the neck of a patient who previously had undergone complete excision of a hyaline-vascular Castleman disease neck mass.

Castleman disease is an uncommon cause of a neck mass. A benign lymphoproliferative disorder, it may be seen as a self-limited unicentric process or as a fulminant multicentric disease with systemic symptoms. The association between Hodgkin disease and Castleman disease has been debated extensively, but this association is rare.

Giant retropharyngeal abscess in an adult as a complication of acute tonsillitis: case report.

Retropharyngeal abscess is an uncommon entity that can have severe and even fatal complications if it is not identified and treated early. Clinical and radiologic findings must be considered together prior to surgical drainage of a suspected retropharyngeal abscess. Airway obstruction may require emergent surgical management with tracheotomy.

Long-term anatomic and functional results of cartilage tympanoplasty in atelectatic ears.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomic and functional results of cartilage tympanoplasty performed on atelectatic ears using the palisade technique and to assess the long-term efficacy of cartilage palisades in preventing recurrent retractions. The records of 54 patients (56 ears) who underwent surgery for atelectasis with or without mastoidectomy from January 2000 to August 2005 were retrospectively evaluated. A successful outcome was defined as complete and intact healing of the graft without perforation, retraction, or lateralization for at least 36 months after the operation, in addition to improvement of hearing indicated by a pure-tone average air-bone gap (PTA-ABG) of less than 20 dB.

Management of facial nerve paralysis in noncholesteatomatous chronic otitis media.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the clinical presentations, treatment course, and outcomes for patients treated for chronic otitis media associated with facial paralysis in noncholesteatomatous ears.

Methodology: The present study looked at 13 patients (10 men, 3 women; ranging in age from 15 to 59 years) treated for facial paralysis due to chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma.

Results: Six patients had dehiscence of the fallopian canal whereas the bony canal was intact in the remaining patients.

Functional and aesthetic results obtained by modified Bernard reconstruction technique after tumour excision in lower lip cancers.

Background: In this study, we investigated the functional and aesthetic results in new lip formation using modified Bernard reconstruction technique after tumour excision in lower lip cancers.

Material And Methods: The study included 47 patients. All were operated due to lower labial squamous cell carcinoma and underwent defect reconstruction using modified Bernard technique.

Investigation of the synergism between alcohol consumption and herpes simplex virus in patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancers.

We investigated the synergism between alcohol consumption and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the development of laryngeal squamous cell cancer and in the clinical course of this disease. HSV DNA was searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in the fresh tumor tissues of 22 patients with laryngeal cancer without alcohol consumption (Group 1) and of 23 patients with chronic alcohol consumption (Group 2), and their HSV prevalences were compared. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of HSV incidence frequency (P > 0.

[Surgical management of lower lip cancers].

Objectives: We evaluated the results of surgical treatment of lower lip cancers.

Patients And Methods: The study included 47 patients (7 females, 40 males; mean age 53 years; range 34 to 71 years) who underwent surgery for primary lower lip carcinoma. Five patients received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy.

Sialadenoma papilliferum of nasal cavity: case report.

Objective: We report a rare case of sialadenoma papilliferum.

Method: A case report of sialadenoma papilliferum is presented.

Results: A 67-year-old woman presented with recurrent epistaxis.

A comparison of cartilage palisades and fascia in type 1 tympanoplasty in children: anatomic and functional results.

Objective: To assess the anatomic and functional results of primary Type1 cartilage tympanoplasty performed with the palisade technique and to compare them with the results of primary Type 1 tympanoplasty performed with temporalis fascia in children.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Incidence of fallopian canal dehiscence at surgery for chronic otitis media.

The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and locations of dehiscence of the fallopian canal (FC) in patients undergoing surgery for different middle ear pathologies and to describe the findings that will aid in pre-operative prediction of dehiscence. Charts and operative details of the 118 ears managed with canal wall-down and 147 ears managed with canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. The distribution of the diagnoses for ears that were operated was as follows: 118 ears cholesteatoma, 42 ears adhesive otitis, 23 ears tympanosclerosis, and 82 ears chronic otitis media.

Evaluation of nasal symptoms and mucociliary function in patients with allergic rhinitis treated with chemosurgery using trichloroacetic acid.

Purpose: We treated allergic rhinitis with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) applied to the inferior turbinates. Further clinical evaluations were made to determine the effect of TCA application on symptoms of allergic rhinitis. We also report the results of measurement of the mucociliary transit time (saccharin time) and nasal airway resistance.

[Transpalatal approach in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma].

Objectives: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) cases treated with transpalatal approach were evaluated with respect to localization, complications, intraoperative blood loss, recurrence, and prognosis.

Patients And Methods: The study included 15 male patients (mean age 13 years; range 10 to 16 years) treated for JNA. The patients were classified according to the Chandler staging system.

Computed tomography virtual laryngoscopy: comparison between radiological and otolaryngological evaluations for laryngeal carcinoma.

Objectives: We evaluated the utility of computed tomography virtual laryngoscopy (CTVL) in identifying endolaryngeal lesions in laryngeal tumors.

Patients And Methods: Virtual laryngoscopic images were obtained from axial CT scans of 21 patients with known laryngeal carcinoma. Findings from rigid telescopic videolaryngoscopy (RTV) and CTVL images were evaluated and compared with reference to operative records.

The incidence of atopy in adults with recurrent secretory otitis media: screening with Phadiatop.

Objectives: This is a preliminary report of a relatively new method, Phadiatop, in screening atopic adult patients with recurrent secretory otitis media (SOM). The sensitivity and specificity, and its use in atopic adult patients with recurrent SOM were evaluated.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-four patients (54 females, 30 males; mean age 36.

[Three cases of mucosal malignant melanoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses].

We evaluated the clinical course and treatment of three patients who were found to have mucosal malignant melanoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The presenting complaint was recurrent epistaxis in all the patients. One patient had been followed-up for nasal polyposis for a long time.

Peritonsillar abscess: a comparison of outpatient i.m. clindamycin and inpatient i.v. ampicillin/sulbactam following needle aspiration.

In an attempt to assess the effect of antibiotic choice on the treatment of peritonsillar abscess, we compared the clinical efficacy of empiric intramuscular clindamycin and intravenous ampicillin/sulbactam (following needle aspiration of the abscess) in a prospective, randomized study of 58 patients. Patients in the clindamycin group were treated on an outpatient basis, whereas those in the ampicillin/sulbactam group were hospitalized for the duration of their treatment (minimum: 7 days). Comparison of clinical outcomes with respect to the posttherapeutic duration of fever and throat pain and the time to resumption of eating revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Use of steroids in the treatment of peritonsillar abscess.

Peritonsillar abscess is the most common deep infection of the head and neck that occurs in adults; the treatment of the disease remains controversial. A prospective study using a single high dose steroid treatment for peritonsillar abscess, was undertaken in 62 patients to determine the treatment's effectiveness in relieving symptoms such as fever, throat pain, dysphagia and trismus. All patients were randomly assigned to two groups: 28 patients received intravenous antibiotic therapy and a single dose placebo and 34 patients were treated with single use of high dose steroid in addition to intravenous antibiotic.

Prophylactic effect of pentoxifylline on radiotherapy complications: a clinical study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prophylactic effect of pentoxifylline (Ptx) on complications related to radiation.

Study Design And Setting: Seventy-eight patients who had postoperative radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were enrolled into a prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to the Ptx group (40 patients) and the control group (38 patients).