Cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates in Afghanistan in 2020: A review study.

Background: Afghanistan is in an epidemiological transition, as cancer is the second leading cause of mortality due to non-communicable diseases. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive perspective on the overall cancer situation in Afghanistan by discussing the top five most common cancers, their incidence variations, risk factors, and preventive measures. The limited number of cancer studies conducted in Afghanistan highlights the importance of the present review.

Evaluation of daily and social participation of children with Cerebral Palsy across different age groups with a focus on the 'F'-words: Function, family, fitness, fun, friends and future.

Background: The impact of disability differs across cultures. This study aimed to determine the predictors of participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Turkey, based on the six F-words.

Methods: Cross-sectional study exploring participation profiles of 450 children with CP, aged between 2 and 18 years.

Exploring the Relationship between Drug Addiction and Quality of Life in Herat, Afghanistan: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Addiction is a global public health problem, with over 36 million people suffering from drug-use disorders. Afghanistan, the world's leading opium producer, has high rates of drug use owing to the easy access to drugs in this country. This study aimed to investigate drug users' quality of life in Herat, Afghanistan, and identify the factors affecting it.

Body image dissatisfaction among school children in Turkey and its potential effect on body esteem.

Background: This study aimed to validate the Turkish version of Collins` Body Figure Perceptions and Preferences (BFPP) scale. The second aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and body esteem (BE), and between body mass index (BMI) and BID, among Turkish children.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 2066 4th grade children (mean age was 10.

Epidemiology of Drug Use in Herat - Afghanistan.

Background: Drug addiction is one of the alarming public health and social problems in Afghanistan and around the world. Addiction denotes the habitual use or the physical or mental dependence on narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.

Methods: Drug addicts who were admitted to six public addicts' rehabilitation centers in Herat, Afghanistan between March and July 2019 were recruited for this descriptive study.

Water pipe smoking among public versus private university students in Ankara, Turkey: an online survey.

Background: Water pipe smoking has become a global public health problem as its popularity increased over time, especially among youth. The objective of our study was to estimate water pipe tobacco smoking prevalence and to assess socioeconomic factors associated with ever water pipe smoking by public and private university students in Ankara, Turkey.

Methods: This descriptive study was based on a survey conducted among public (n=2685) and private (n=2485) university students via an online questionnaire on demographics and water pipe consumption patterns.

Perspectives of physicians and pharmacists on rational use of antibiotics in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands: a qualitative study.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance may result from inappropriate use of antibiotics in health care. Turkey is one of the countries with the highest antibiotic consumption in the world. Considering the role of transnational ties between Turkish migrants and their social contacts in Turkey, the attitudes and behaviors relating to rational antibiotic use in Turkey can also affect the use of antibiotics by Turkish migrants residing abroad.

Tobacco Containing Scenes in Some Selected Turkish Movies Released Between 1992 and 2016.

Objective: Movies are among the most widely used media for advertising, promotional, and sponsorship activities of the tobacco industry, and the industry has been making huge investments in this sector for many years. In this study, the effects of movie scenes depicting the use of tobacco products, and the possible effects of the laws governing such scenes, were examined.

Material And Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 50 films, the first 2 of which were the most watched each year, between the years 1992 and 2016, according to the data of the Center for Turkish Cinema Studies and the boxofficeturkiye.

Structural equation model of physical activity in Turkish schoolchildren: an application of the integrated behavioural model.

Objectives: Childhood obesity is increasingly prevalent in the developing world including Turkey. This study examined constructs of the integrated behavioural model associated with physical activity in a sample of schoolchildren in Ankara, Turkey using structural equation modelling.

Design: Cross-sectional survey by probability sampling.

Information Requirements and Sources of Families of Mainstreaming Students Elementary Education Model in Respect of Socioeconomic Development Levels.

Aim: This research was conducted to reveal the current situation on information requirements of the families of the mainstreaming students and sources they obtained information.

Method: The research is a cross-sectional study and the population consisted of parents whose children need special education and who are in schools located in Altındağ, Yenimahalle, and Çankaya districts of Ankara, which are at low, middle, and high levels, respectively, according to the socioeconomic development. Sample selection was not made.

The impact of community pharmacists on older adults in Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of theory-based, structured, standardized pharmaceutical care services led by community pharmacists (CPs) on patient-related outcomes in older Turkish adults.

Practice Description: This prospective, quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted at the national level at community pharmacies in Turkey. After virtual training of CPs, pharmaceutical care services including medicine bag check-up, medication review, patient medicine card, patient education, and counseling services (including motivational interviewing) were delivered to promote medication adherence in older adults.

Waterpipe Smoking among Herat University Students: Prevalence, Attitudes, and Associated Factors.

Background: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an ancient type of smoking that has become a global phenomenon. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics in Herat University students in western Afghanistan.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a structured self-administered questionnaire containing 53 items in 3 subscales was distributed between July and December 2018, to examine the use of waterpipe among Herat University students.

Evaluation of Tobacco Product-Selling Websites Accessed Using Search Engines.

Objective: Although the sale of electronic (e)-cigarettes and "I Quit Ordinary Smoking" (IQOS) is completely prohibited in Turkey, it is observed that tobacco products are sold on the internet.

Material And Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between February 11 and 15, 2019, using three search engines (Google, Yandex, and Yaani) in Turkey. All combinations obtained with the keywords (wrapping tobacco, cigarette, hookah, pigtail, cigar, pipe, e-cigarette, snuff, and IQOS) and appendices (sale, price, and shipping) were searched; 2,160 links were scanned.

Promoting rational antibiotic use in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Europe - implications of a qualitative study in four countries.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the major threats to global health. The emergence of resistant microorganisms is a consequence of irrational use of antibiotics. In Turkey, the consumption of antibiotics is relatively high and antibiotics are among the most commonly used drugs.

The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): translation and validation study in Afghanistan.

Background: Quality of life is defined as the subjective perception of one's own well-being within a sociocultural context. SF-36 is commonly used to check the health status of the general population in many countries.

Aims: To validate the Persian (Dari) version of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) in Herat.

Eating disorders and needs of disabled children at primary school.

Aim: The aim of this study was to provide current information on the eating disorders, needs and confronted problems of children with disabilities during their school hours at primary schools.

Background: Eating disorders and needs of disabled children are important in their participation in school life, cognition, and academic achievement.

Results: In this study, It was aimed to reach all children with disabilities attending at 72 primary schools located in low, medium and high socio-economic districts in Ankara, capital of Turkey; 404 parents voluntarly accepted to participate in the study.

[Rational Use of Antibiotics Among Turkish Migrants In Germany: Knowledge, Attitudes and Interaction With Physicians and Pharmacists].

Objectives: Due to strong transnational ties, the use of and demand for antibiotics among Turkish migrants in Germany may be influenced by cultural aspects of antibiotic use in Turkey. Research on the use of antibiotics among Turkish migrants in Germany, however, is scarce. The aim of this study was to find out how Turkish migrants in Germany use antibiotics, whether and how knowledge, underlying motives and attitudes influence demand and how Turkish migrants interact with medical professionals.

Are the health needs of children with disabilities being met at primary schools?

The aim of this study was to provide current information about the health profile and needs of mainstreamed primary school children with disabilities and special educational needs during their school hours. The Study population is composed of students with special educational needs and disabilities attending mainstream primary schools located in three selected Turkish districts with low, moderate, and high socioeconomic status and literacy rates separately. Parents of 404 students from 72 primary schools constituted the research sample.

Perceptions of Obesity Prevention Policies: Socioeconomic Assessment in the Turkish Capital.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to inform public policy opportunities to reduce childhood obesity by identifying parents' perceptions of factors contributing to childhood obesity, attribution of responsibility, and the extent of their support for public prevention policies with attention to socio-economic status.

Design And Methods: In 2015, 2066 parent-child dyads across socio-economic strata from 43 randomly selected schools in Ankara completed surveys and measurements to examine perceptions, attribution, and prevention policies related to childhood obesity.

Results: Parents across the socio-demographic spectrum recognized obesity as a serious problem.

The perspectives of politicians on tobacco control in Turkey.

Background: Tobacco use is a leading but preventable cause of non-communicable diseases and premature death. The legislature has a key role in setting tobacco control policies. Smoking trends are decreasing thanks to the introduction of effective tobacco control policies in Turkey and these policies may have been shaped by how politicians' interpreted social problems that were prominent during the development and implementation of tobacco regulations.

Assessing the validity and reliability of family factors on physical activity: A case study in Turkey.

Background: Childhood obesity rates have been rising rapidly in developing countries. A better understanding of the risk factors and social context is necessary to inform public health interventions and policies. This paper describes the validation of several measurement scales for use in Turkey, which relate to child and parent perceptions of physical activity (PA) and enablers and barriers of physical activity in the home environment.

Determinants of childhood diarrhea among under-five year old children in Nigeria: A population-based study using the 2013 demographic and health survey data.

Berde AS, Yalçın SS, Özcebe H, Üner S, Karadağ-Caman Ö. Determinants of childhood diarrhea among under-five year old children in Nigeria: A population-based study using the 2013 demographic and health survey data. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 353-360.

Determinants of pre-lacteal feeding practices in urban and rural Nigeria; a population-based cross-sectional study using the 2013 Nigeria demographic and health survey data.

Background: Prelacteal feeding (PLF) is a barrier to exclusive breast feeding.

Objective: To determine factors associated with PLF in rural and urban Nigeria.

Methods: We utilized data from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey.

Risk factors for prelacteal feeding in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of population data from twenty-two countries.

Objective: To examine the risk factors of prelacteal feeding (PLF) among mothers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Design: We pooled data from Demographic and Health Surveys in twenty-two SSA countries. The key outcome variable was PLF.