Occipital depression fractures in childhood. A report of 14 cases.

In this paper, we present 14 cases with depression fracture of the occipital bone in pediatric age. There were 7 males and 7 females. Their ages ranged from 1 year to 15 years with a median of 5.

Nonsuture closure of arterial defect by vein graft using isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate as a tissue adhesive.

Nonsuture repair of intracranial blood vessel is still a challenging issue in neurosurgery. In this experimental study isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate was used for nonsuture repairing of carotid artery to observe its histotoxicity. Isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate was dropped over the edge of defect on carotid artery of rat under the surgical microscope and jugular vein was placed to cover the defect.

Intracranial extension of meibomian gland carcinoma.

Meibomian gland carcinomas are rare, slow-growing masses that clinically mimic several benign and malignant processes. We report a patient with sebaceous carcinoma of the meibomian gland with intracranial extension and dural invasion, and discuss the clinical and pathological features of this uncommon entity.

Release of vasopressin, cortisol and beta-endorphin in tetraplegic subjects in response to head-up tilt.

Plasma levels of beta-endorphin, vasopressin and cortisol during head-up tilt were measured in tetraplegic patients and in normal healthy subjects. In tetraplegic patients rapid tilt from the horizontal to 30 degrees or 60 degrees head-up induced orthostatic hypotension and increased plasma levels of cortisol, beta-endorphin and vasopressin. In control subjects head-up tilt failed to alter plasma levels of these hormones.

Low density in the posterior aspect of the intervertebral disk in the patient with herniated nucleus pulposus. A prospective study of 50 cases.

It was previously reported that a low density are in the posterior aspect of the intervertebral disk is an additional computed tomography (CT) finding suggesting a herniated nucleuos pulposus. In this report the incidence of this finding, its correlation with the duration of symptoms and severity of herniation, were studied on 59 herniated intervertebral disks of 50 cases.

Central neurofibromatosis. Case report and review of the literature.

An unusual case of central neurofibromatosis associated with a unilateral acoustic neuroma, multiple intracranial meningiomas, spinal neurofibroma and visceral involvement is presented. The progressive clinical course of this syndrome is described and discussed with a review of the relevant literature.

CNS involvement in Ewing's sarcoma. A report of 12 cases.

Ewing's sarcoma is one of the malignant bone tumours, which occurs in various bones of the body. When the spinal column or skull bones are involved, it may cause spinal cord compression or brain invasion. In this study, 12 cases of Ewing's sarcoma with central nervous system (CNS) involvement are presented.

Effects of hydrocephalus on the sympathetic nerves of cerebral arteries, investigated with WGA-HRP anterograde tracing in the rat.

The effects of hydrocephalus on the plexus of sympathetic nerves of the intracranial vessels were investigated using wheat germ agglutinin combined with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Hydrocephalus was induced by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna of rats. Three weeks later the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of one side received WGA-HRP.

N-acetylaspartic aciduria in Canavan disease: another proof in two infants.

Increased amounts of urinary N-acetyl-aspartic acid was found in two infants with biopsy proven Canavan disease. The aspartoacylase assay is a new tool for determining both the prenatal and antenatal diagnosis of Canavan disease. This assay should be screened in patients with early onset of psychomotor deterioration, macrocephaly, spasticity/hypotonia and white matter hyperleucency at CT scan.

The detection of hemoglobin variants by isoelectrofocusing using EDTA-collected and filter paper-dried cord blood specimens.

A comparative study was conducted aimed at the detection of abnormal hemoglobin conditions (mainly AS, SS, AC, CC, SC, AE, AD, Hb Bart's or gamma 4) by isoelectrofocusing of cord blood samples stored as liquid blood and as dried hemoglobin on filter paper. Analyses were made within four to six days after the collection of the samples; storage conditions mimicked those of testing programs using liquid blood samples (as in Georgia) or dried blood filter paper samples (as in several other states). During analysis of hemoglobin solutions extracted from dried blood samples, considerable difficulties were encountered in detecting significant hemoglobinopathies such as SS and SC, whereas even simple abnormalities such as AS, AC, AD, and AE were also often not diagnosed.

Diagnostic value of computed tomography in spinal and lateral recess stenosis, preoperatively and for long-term follow-up: a prospective study in 50 cases.

Preoperative measurements of lateral recess, anterior-posterior diameter of the spinal canal and interpedincular distance were made in 50 patients with low back pain. The results were compared with the surgical findings. The patients were followed up for two years.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the frontal bone.

Aneurysmal bone cyst rarely affects the skull. We report two cases of aneurysmal bone cyst of the frontal bone. One of the cases is associated with pregnancy.

Bilateral orbital encephaloceles. An unusual cause of exophthalmos.

We report a case of bilateral orbital encephaloceles associated with exophthalmos of the left eye. Orbital encephaloceles, especially bilateral ones, are very rare. The surgical approach to the repair of this defect and reasons for preferring a transcranial approach are described and discussed.

Cerebellar ganglioglioma. Case report.

Gangliogliomas are rare neoplasms of the central nervous system. They are containing of mature ganglion cells and neoplastic glial cells. This report presents the clinicopathological findings in a patient with a cerebellar vermis ganglioglioma.

Thrombosis of intracranial venous sinuses: aetiology, clinical findings and prognosis of 56 patients.

Cerebral venous thrombosis may occur as a complication of infectious and noninfectious processes. In this study 56 patients with angiographically proven cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) affecting dural sinuses are being reported. Sixty-one percent of the patients were female and 60% were below 30 years of age.

Multiple thoracic disc herniations.

Multiple thoracic disc herniation is a rare disease. There are only 12 cases reported in the literature. They were treated surgically.

Metastatic spinal cord tumours.

In this report 84 patients who had surgical intervention for metastatic spinal cord tumours are presented. The primary tumours were mainly from lungs, breast or of haematological origin, and were commonest in the thoracic region. In all but 2 patients laminectomy was performed.

[Cisterna megamagna. Dimensions and relations to cerebral atrophy. Clinical and x-ray computed tomographic demonstration].

Polaroids of 9,400 consecutive unselected computed tomography (CT) scans are reviewed and 31 cases with Mega Cisterna Magna (MCM) are detected. The incidence is 0.33% (31/9,400).

Histopathologic and microdensitometric analysis of craniotomy bone flaps preserved between abdominal fat and muscle.

In this study we have investigated the preservation of craniotomy bone flaps within the abdominal wall and the use of such bone flaps for cranioplasty in the early postoperative period. The craniotomy flaps were implanted into a "pocket" between abdominal fat and muscle of adult rabbits, and were later used as autologous grafts in cranioplasty. The flaps were analyzed by histopathologic and microdensitometric methods.

Neurinoma of the oculomotor nerve. Case report.

A 15-year-old boy with a recurrent third nerve palsy who was found to have a neurinoma of the third nerve is described. Unusual features of his presentation and review of the literature relative to this rare tumor are discussed. Tumors derived from Schwann cells, which wrap around the axons of peripheral nerves, are called neurinomas, neurofibromas, plexiform neurofibromas, neurilemomas, and schwannomas.

Orbital echinococcosis. Report of two cases studied by computerized tomography.

Two cases of orbital echinococcus cysts studied by computed tomography are presented. Incidence of orbital hydatidosis in Turkey is reported. Computed tomographic findings of orbital hydatid cysts are reviewed and summarized.