Effort-based decision-making in ultra-high-risk for psychosis and bipolar disorder.

Background: Effort-based decision-making has been proposed as a potential mechanism contributing to transdiagnostic motivational deficits in psychotic disorder and bipolar disorder. However, very limited information is available about deficits in effort-cost-decision-making in the early stages of psychotic disorder and no study has investigated effort allocation deficits before the onset of bipolar disorder. Our aim was to investigate effort-based-decision-making in ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHR-P) and bipolar disorder (UHR-BD).

Neurocognition and social cognition in youth and young adults at ultra-high-risk for psychosis and bipolar disorder.

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with significant deficits in neurocognition and social cognition. Unlike the studies in chronic stages of these disorders, very limited information is available regarding neurocognitive and social-cognitive impairment before the onset of bipolar disorder. Our main aim was to investigate the differences in neurocognition and social cognition between individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR-P) and bipolar disorder (UHR-BD).

Long-term ocular surface stability in conjunctivolimbal autograft and ocular surface safety in the donor eyes.

Purpose: The current study is aimed to present the long-term results of the patients who underwent conjunctivolimbal autograft (CLAU) as the primary operation in unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency and the ocular surface safety of the donor eyes. The patients were followed up for five years or longer.

Methods: The records of all patients who underwent CLAU as the primary operation were retrospectively analyzed.

Social cognition and neurocognition in first-episode bipolar disorder and psychosis: The effect of negative and attenuated positive symptoms.

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with neurocognitive and social-cognitive impairments. To date very few studies investigated social cognition in first-episode bipolar disorder (FEBD). Our main aim was to investigate the differences in social cognition and neurocognition between FEBD and first-episode psychosis (FEP).

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Primary Open-Angle and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.

Objectives: To compare the optical disc and macular vascular density values of patients with glaucoma and healthy individuals by using optical coherence tomography angiography and evaluate the relationship between structural and functional test results and vascular density.

Materials And Methods: The study included 128 eyes in total: 31 with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), 55 with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and similar visual field defects, and 42 healthy eyes. Whole image peripapillary vessel density (wpVD), intradisc vessel density (idVD), peripapillary vessel density (pVD), whole image macular vessel density (wmVD), and parafoveal vessel density (pfVD) values were compared between the groups.

Treatment of persistent epithelial defects with single-dose autologous serum eye drops.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of single-dose autologous serum eye drops (ASEDs) for treatment of persistent corneal epithelial defects (PEDs).

Methods: About 34 eyes of 26 patients treated from March 2016 to May 2020 with a single dose of ASEDs for PEDs that did not respond to conventional treatment were retrospectively evaluated. Patient demographics, predisposing factors, size, and duration of the PED, duration of treatment, and dosage of ASEDs, PED healing time, success rate of the ASED treatment, and follow-up time after the onset of ASED treatment were recorded.

Corneal Pathology and Cataract: Combined Surgery or Sequential Surgery?

Objectives: To compare our combined surgery (CS) and sequential surgery (SS) results.

Materials And Methods: The files of 44 patients who underwent CS (penetrating keratoplasty [PK], cataract extraction, and intraocular lens [IOL] implantation) and 126 patients who underwent SS (cataract extraction and IOL implantation in a second session after PK) between January 2009 and December 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. One eye of the patients who were followed up for at least 1 year was included in the study.

Anterior Segment Surgeries Under Topical Fresh Frozen Plasma Treatment in Ligneous Conjunctivitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of topical fresh frozen plasma (FFP) therapy on clinical symptoms, findings, and prognosis after anterior segment surgeries in patients with ligneous conjunctivitis (LC).

Methods: Retrospective case note review.

Results: Eleven eyes of 7 cases whose remission was not achieved after medical treatment such as topical corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, and heparin were included in the study.

Anterior segment parameters in Behçet's patients with ocular involvement.

Purpose: To evaluate anterior segment findings in Behçet's disease patients within the ocular involvement inactive period.

Methods: One hundred twenty patients with Behçet uveitis in the inactive period (Behçet's disease group) and 121-age and sex matched healthy subjects (control group) were examined. Anterior segment parameters were assessed by Scheimpflug camera.

Resuturing after penetrating keratoplasty without trauma: Indications and results.

Purpose: To determine the indications, frequency, influential factors and clinical outcomes of resuturing in an atraumatic setting after penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

Methods: Medical records of all patients who underwent resuturing in the absence of traumatic wound dehiscences after PK between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015 were reviewed. The cases were divided into 2 groups: patients with suture-related problems underwent mandatory resuturing (mandatory group), and patients with post-PK ectasia or a progressive increase in K values and surgically induced astigmatism underwent optional resuturing (Optional group).

Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking With Photoactivated Chromophore for Infectious Keratitis After Penetrating Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of corneal collagen cross-linking with photoactivated chromophore (PACK-CXL) plus medical treatment in comparison with the non-CXL group in the management of graft infections after penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods: Forty eyes of 40 patients, 18 eyes in the PACK-CXL group and 22 eyes in the non-CXL group, with graft infections were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with microbial keratitis who were resistant to medical treatment for at least 1 week were treated with PACK-CXL in conjunction with medical treatment.

Infection After Crescentic Lamellar Wedge Resection in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration.

Infectious keratitis after corneal lamellar surgery is a rare complication. In this report, we present unexpected complications after crescentic lamellar wedge resection (CLWR) and their treatment in a patient with pellucid marginal degeneration. A 42-year-old male patient developed fungal keratitis due to in the late postoperative period after CLWR.